Innovation and progress in radiation oncology depend on discovery and insights realized through research in radiation biology. Radiobiology research has led to fundamental scientific insights, from the discovery of stem/progenitor cells to the definition of signal transduction pathways activated by ionizing radiation that are now recognized as integral to the DNA damage response (DDR). Radiobiological discoveries are guiding clinical trials that test radiation therapy combined with inhibitors of the DDR kinases DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia telangiectasia related (ATR), and immune or cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors. To maintain scientific and clinical relevance, the field of radiation biology must overcome challenges in research workforce, training, and funding. The National Cancer Institute convened a workshop to discuss the role of radiobiology research and radiation biologists in the future scientific enterprise. Here, we review the discussions of current radiation oncology research approaches and areas of scientific focus considered important for rapid progress in radiation sciences and the continued contribution of radiobiology to radiation oncology and the broader biomedical research community.

中文翻译：

---

放射生物学的未来

放射肿瘤学的创新和进步取决于通过放射生物学研究获得的发现和见解。从干细胞/祖细胞的发现到电离辐射激活的信号转导途径的定义，放射生物学研究已带来了基础科学见解，而现在已被认为是DNA损伤反应（DDR）不可或缺的一部分。放射生物学的发现正在指导临床试验，以测试放射治疗与DDR激酶抑制剂相关的DNA依赖性蛋白激酶（DNA-PK），共济失调毛细血管扩张（ATM），共济失调毛细血管扩张相关（ATR）以及免疫或细胞周期检查点抑制剂。为了保持科学和临床相关性，放射生物学领域必须克服研究人员，培训和资金方面的挑战。美国国家癌症研究所召开了研讨会，讨论了放射生物学研究和放射生物学家在未来科学事业中的作用。在这里，我们回顾了有关当前放射肿瘤学研究方法和科学重点领域的讨论，这些讨论被认为对放射科学的快速进步以及放射生物学对放射肿瘤学和更广泛的生物医学研究界的持续贡献至关重要。