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Ediacaran developmental biology
Biological Reviews ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-03 , DOI: 10.1111/brv.12379
Frances S Dunn 1, 2 , Alexander G Liu 1 , Philip C J Donoghue 1
Affiliation  

Rocks of the Ediacaran System (635–541 Ma) preserve fossil evidence of some of the earliest complex macroscopic organisms, many of which have been interpreted as animals. However, the unusual morphologies of some of these organisms have made it difficult to resolve their biological relationships to modern metazoan groups. Alternative competing phylogenetic interpretations have been proposed for Ediacaran taxa, including algae, fungi, lichens, rhizoid protists, and even an extinct higher‐order group (Vendobionta). If a metazoan affinity can be demonstrated for these organisms, as advocated by many researchers, they could prove informative in debates concerning the evolution of the metazoan body axis, the making and breaking of axial symmetries, and the appearance of a metameric body plan. Attempts to decipher members of the enigmatic Ediacaran macrobiota have largely involved study of morphology: comparative analysis of their developmental phases has received little attention. Here we present what is known of ontogeny across the three iconic Ediacaran taxa Charnia masoni, Dickinsonia costata and Pteridinium simplex, together with new ontogenetic data and insights. We use these data and interpretations to re‐evaluate the phylogenetic position of the broader Ediacaran morphogroups to which these taxa are considered to belong (rangeomorphs, dickinsoniomorphs and erniettomorphs). We conclude, based on the available evidence, that the affinities of the rangeomorphs and the dickinsoniomorphs lie within Metazoa.

中文翻译:

埃迪卡拉发育生物学

埃迪卡拉系统(635-541 Ma)的岩石保存了一些最早的复杂宏观生物的化石证据,其中许多被解释为动物。然而,其中一些生物体的异常形态使得很难确定它们与现代后生动物群的生物学关系。对于埃迪卡拉分类群,包括藻类、真菌、地衣、假根原生生物,甚至是一个已经灭绝的高阶类群(Vendobionta),人们提出了替代的竞争性系统发育解释。如果像许多研究人员所主张的那样,能够证明这些生物体与后生动物的亲和力,那么它们可以在有关后生动物身体轴的进化、轴对称性的形成和打破以及同色异质身体计划的出现的争论中提供信息。破译神秘的埃迪卡拉大型生物群成员的尝试主要涉及形态学研究:对其发育阶段的比较分析很少受到关注。在这里,我们介绍了三个标志性埃迪卡拉分类群 Charnia masoni、Dickinsonia costata 和 Pteridinium simplex 的个体发育知识,以及新的个体发育数据和见解。我们使用这些数据和解释来重新评估这些分类单元所属的更广泛的埃迪卡拉形态群(rangeomorphs、dickinsoniomorphs 和 erniettomorphs)的系统发育位置。根据现有证据,我们得出结论,范围型动物和狄金森型动物的亲缘关系存在于后生动物内。
更新日期:2017-11-03
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