Developing novel filtering materials with both high permeation flux and rejection rate presents an enticing prospect for oil/water separation. In this paper, robust porous poly(melamine formaldehyde) (PMF) sponges with superwettability and controlled pore sizes through introducing layered double hydroxides (LDH) and SiO₂ electrospun nanofibers are reported. The LDH nanoscrolls endow the sponge with inherent superhydrophilicity and the SiO₂ nanofibers act as pore size regulators by overlapping the PMF mainframe. This approach allows the intrinsic large pores in the pristine sponge to decrease quickly from 109.50 to 23.35 µm, while maintaining porosity above 97.8%. The resulting modified sponges with varied pore sizes can effectively separate a wide range of oil/water mixtures, including the surfactant‐stabilized emulsions, solely by gravity, with ultrahigh permeation flux (maximum of 3 × 10⁵ L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹) and satisfactory oil rejection (above 99.46%). Moreover, separation of emulsions stabilized by different surfactants, such as anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants has been investigated for further practical evaluation. It is expected that such a pore size tuning technology can provide a low cost and easily scaled‐up method to construct a series of filtering materials for high‐efficient separation of target oil/water mixtures.

中文翻译：

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3D多尺度超亲水海绵，具有精心设计的孔径，可实现超快速的油/水分离

开发具有高渗透通量和排斥率的新型过滤材料为油/水分离提供了诱人的前景。在本文中，通过引入层状双氢氧化物（LDH）和SiO ₂电纺纳米纤维，报道了具有超湿性和可控孔径的坚固多孔聚三聚氰胺甲醛（PMF）海绵。LDH纳米卷赋予海绵固有的超亲水性和SiO ₂纳米纤维通过与PMF主机重叠来充当孔径调节器。这种方法可以使原始海绵中固有的大孔从109.50 µm迅速减少到23.35 µm，同时保持孔隙率高于97.8％。所得的具有不同孔径的改性海绵可以有效地分离多种油/水混合物，包括表面活性剂稳定的乳液，而仅靠重力即可实现超高渗透通量（最大3×10 ⁵ L m ^-2 h ^-1 bar ^-1）和令人满意的拒油率（高于99.46％）。此外，已经研究了用不同的表面活性剂，例如阴离子，非离子和阳离子表面活性剂稳定化的乳液的分离，以进行进一步的实际评价。期望这种孔径调整技术可以提供一种低成本且易于按比例放大的方法，以构建用于高效分离目标油/水混合物的一系列过滤材料。