Several decades of research have identified the specific tumor microenvironment (TME) to develop promising nanotheranostics, such as pH‐sensitive imaging, acidity‐sensitive starving therapy, and hydrogen peroxide‐activated chemotherapy, etc. Herein, a novel TME‐mediated nanoplatform employing antiferromagnetic pyrite nanocubes is presented, exploiting the intratumoral, overproduced peroxide for self‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photothermal therapy (PTT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Through the activation of excessive peroxide in the tumor microenvironment, pyrite can lead to in situ surface oxidation and generate hydroxyl radicals to kill tumor cells (i.e., CDT). The increase of the valence state of surface Fe significantly promotes the performance of MRI accompanied by CDT. Furthermore, the localized heat by photothermal treatment can accelerate the intratumoral Fenton process, enabling a synergetic PTT/CDT. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to use the TME‐response valence‐variable strategy based on pyrite for developing a synergetic nanotheranostic, which will open up a new dimension for the design of other TME‐based anticancer strategies.

中文翻译：

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反铁磁黄铁矿作为肿瘤微环境介导的纳米平台，用于自我增强的肿瘤成像和治疗

数十年的研究已经确定了特定的肿瘤微环境（TME），以开发有前途的纳米热学，例如pH敏感的成像，酸敏感的饥饿疗法以及过氧化氢激活的化学疗法等。在这里，这是一种使用反铁磁的新型TME介导的纳米平台提出了黄铁矿纳米立方体，其利用瘤内过量产生的过氧化物进行自增强磁共振成像（MRI）和光热疗法（PTT）/化学动力学疗法（CDT）。通过激活肿瘤微环境中过量的过氧化物，黄铁矿可导致原位表面氧化并产生羟基自由基以杀死肿瘤细胞（即CDT）。表面铁价态的增加显着促进了CDT伴随的MRI性能。此外，通过光热处理的局部热量可以加速肿瘤内Fenton进程，从而实现协同的PTT / CDT。据我们所知，这是第一项使用基于黄铁矿的TME反应价变策略开发协同纳米热学的研究，这将为设计其他基于TME的抗癌策略开辟一个新的领域。