One-dimensional (1-D) polymer nanostructures have attracted much attention due to their unique properties and many potential applications in areas such as sensors, transistors, separation, storage, and photovoltaic cells. This is a review of research activities on 1-D polymer nanostructures fabricated by anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The preparation methods of polymer nanostructures by AAO templates including polymer melt infiltration, polymer solution infiltration, and chemical synthesis are introduced. According to the molecular structure of polymers, the morphology, and properties of seven types of polymers, amorphous homopolymers, amorphous–amorphous block copolymers, amorphous/amorphous polymer blends, semicrystalline homopolymers, semicrystalline/amorphous polymer blends, semicrystalline-amorphous block copolymers, and semicrystalline–semicrystalline block copolymers in nanopores are demonstrated.

一维（1-D）聚合物纳米结构因其独特的性能以及在传感器，晶体管，分离，存储和光伏电池等领域的许多潜在应用而备受关注。这是对由阳极氧化铝（AAO）模板制造的1-D聚合物纳米结构的研究活动的综述。介绍了利用AAO模板制备聚合物纳米结构的方法，包括聚合物熔体渗透，聚合物溶液渗透和化学合成。根据聚合物的分子结构，七种类型的聚合物，非晶态均聚物，非晶态-非晶态嵌段共聚物，非晶态/非晶态聚合物共混物，半晶态均聚物，半晶态/非晶态聚合物共混物，半晶态-非晶态嵌段共聚物的形态和性能，