Two-dimensional (2D) materials are of tremendous interest to integrated photonics, given their singular optical characteristics spanning light emission, modulation, saturable absorption and nonlinear optics. To harness their optical properties, these atomically thin materials are usually attached onto prefabricated devices via a transfer process. Here, we present a new route for 2D material integration with planar photonics. Central to this approach is the use of chalcogenide glass, a multifunctional material that can be directly deposited and patterned on a wide variety of 2D materials and can simultaneously function as the light-guiding medium, a gate dielectric and a passivation layer for 2D materials. Besides achieving improved fabrication yield and throughput compared with the traditional transfer process, our technique also enables unconventional multilayer device geometries optimally designed for enhancing light–matter interactions in the 2D layers. Capitalizing on this facile integration method, we demonstrate a series of high-performance glass-on-graphene devices including ultra-broadband on-chip polarizers, energy-efficient thermo-optic switches, as well as graphene-based mid-infrared waveguide-integrated photodetectors and modulators.

二维（2D）材料对于集成光子具有极大的兴趣，因为它们具有跨越光发射，调制，饱和吸收和非线性光学的奇异光学特性。为了利用它们的光学特性，这些原子薄的材料通常通过转移过程连接到预制设备上。在这里，我们提出了二维材料与平面光子集成的新途径。该方法的核心是使用硫族化物玻璃，该硫属化物玻璃可以直接沉积在多种2D材料上并在其上构图，并且可以同时用作2D材料的导光介质，栅极电介质和钝化层。与传统的转移工艺相比，除了可以提高制造良率和生产率外，我们的技术还可以实现非常规的多层设备几何形状的优化设计，以增强2D层中的光-物质相互作用。利用这种简便的集成方法，我们展示了一系列高性能的石墨烯玻璃上器件，包括超宽带片上偏振器，高能效的热光开关以及基于石墨烯的中红外波导集成器件光电探测器和调制器。