T helper 2 (T_H2) cells orchestrate protective type 2 immune responses, such as those that target helminths and facilitate tissue repair, but also contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and allergy. Here, we review recent insights into how diverse molecular signals from cellular sources, including dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells and the epithelium, are integrated by T cells to guide the transcriptional and epigenetic changes necessary for T_H2 cell differentiation. Our improved understanding of these pathways has opened new avenues for therapeutically targeting T_H2 cells in asthma and allergy. The advent of comprehensive single-cell transcriptomics along with improvements in single-cell proteomics and the generation of novel in vivo cell fate mapping techniques promise to expand our understanding of T cell diversity and offer new insight into disease-related heterogeneity and plasticity of T_H cell responses.

T 辅助 2 (T _H 2) 细胞协调保护性 2 型免疫反应，例如针对蠕虫和促进组织修复的免疫反应，但也会导致慢性炎症性疾病，例如哮喘和过敏。_{在这里，我们回顾了最近关于 T 细胞如何整合来自细胞来源（包括树突状细胞、先天淋巴细胞和上皮细胞）的不同分子信号以指导 T H} 2 细胞分化所必需的转录和表观遗传变化的见解。我们对这些通路的更好理解为治疗哮喘和过敏症中的 T _H 2 细胞开辟了新途径。综合单细胞转录组学的出现，以及单细胞蛋白质组学的改进和新基因的产生体内细胞命运映射技术有望扩大我们对 T 细胞多样性的理解，并为与疾病相关的异质性和 T _H细胞反应的可塑性提供新的见解。