当前位置: X-MOL 学术Appl. Energy › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Global available wind energy with physical and energy return on investment constraints
Applied Energy ( IF 11.2 ) Pub Date : 2017-10-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.09.085
Elise Dupont , Rembrandt Koppelaar , Hervé Jeanmart

Looking ahead to 2050 many countries intend to utilise wind as a prominent energy source. Predicting a realistic maximum yield of onshore and offshore wind will play a key role in establishing what technology mix can be achieved, specifying investment needs and designing policy. Historically, studies of wind resources have however differed in their incorporation of physical limits, land availability and economic constraints, resulting in a wide range of harvesting potentials. To obtain a more reliable estimate, physical and economic limits must be taken into account.

We use a grid-cell approach to assess the theoretical wind potential in all geographic locations by considering technological and land-use constraints. An analysis is then performed where the Energy Return on Investment (EROI) of the wind potential is evaluated. Finally, a top-down limitation on kinetic energy available in the atmospheric boundary layer is imposed.

With these constraints wind farm designs are optimized in order to maximize the net energy flux. We find that the global wind potential is substantially lower than previously established when both physical limits and a high cut-off EROI > 10 is applied. Several countries’ potentials are below what is needed according to 100% renewable energy studies.



中文翻译:

全球可利用的风能,具有物理和能源回报受限的投资

展望2050年,许多国家打算利用风能作为主要能源。预测陆上和海上风能的实际最大产量将在建立可实现的技术组合,指定投资需求和设计政策方面发挥关键作用。从历史上看,对风资源的研究在将物理限制,土地可利用性和经济限制因素结合在一起方面有所不同,从而产生了广泛的收获潜力。为了获得更可靠的估计,必须考虑物理和经济上的限制。

通过考虑技术和土地使用方面的限制,我们使用网格单元方法来评估所有地理位置的理论风力潜力。然后进行分析,评估风能的投资回报率(EROI)。最后,对大气边界层中可用的动能施加了自上而下的限制。

在这些限制下,风电场设计得到了优化,以使净能量通量最大化。我们发现,当同时应用物理极限和高截止EROI> 10时,全球风能潜力大大低于先前建立的潜力。根据100%可再生能源研究,一些国家的潜力低于所需的潜力。

更新日期:2017-10-28
down
wechat
bug