It has been widely recognized that functional groups on biomaterial surfaces play important roles in blood compatibility. To construct an effective antithrombotic bio-interface onto poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membrane surface, bio-functional groups of sodium carboxylic (-COONa), sodium sulfonic (-SO3Na) and amino (-NH2) groups were introduced onto PES membrane surface by three steps: synthesis of PES with carboxylic (-COOH) groups (CPES) and water-soluble PES with sodium sulfonic (-SO3Na) groups and amino (-NH2) groups (SNPES); introducing carboxylic groups onto PES membrane by blending CPES with PES; grafting SNPES onto CPES/PES membranes via the coupling of amino groups and the carboxyl groups. The physical/chemical properties and bioactivities were dependent on the proportions of the additives. After introducing bio-functional groups, the excellent hemocompatibility of the modified membranes were confirmed by the inhibited platelet adhesion and activation, prolonged clotting times, suppressed blood-related complement activations and leukocytes activation on CD11b levels. Furthermore, cell tests indicated that the modified membranes showed better cytocompatibility in endothelial cells proliferation than the pristine PES membrane due to the synergistic promotion of the functional groups. To sum up, these results suggested that the modified membranes present great potential in blood-contacting material fields such as hemodialysis and surface endothelialization.

中文翻译：

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在聚（醚砜）膜基质上引入多个生物官能团以制造有效的抗血栓形成生物界面

众所周知，生物材料表面的官能团在血液相容性中起着重要作用。为了在聚醚砜（PES）膜表面上构建有效的抗血栓形成生物界面，将羧酸钠（-COONa），磺酸钠（-SO3Na）和氨基（-NH2）基团的生物功能基团引入到PES膜上通过三个步骤在表面上进行合成：具有羧基（-COOH）（CPES）的PES和具有磺酸钠（-SO3Na）和氨基（-NH2）的水溶性PES（SNPES）的合成；通过将CPES与PES混合将羧基引入PES膜上；通过氨基和羧基的偶联将SNPES接枝到CPES / PES膜上。物理/化学性质和生物活性取决于添加剂的比例。引入生物功能基团后，抑制的血小板粘附和激活，延长的凝血时间，抑制的血液相关补体激活和CD11b水平的白细胞激活证实了修饰膜的优异血液相容性。此外，细胞测试表明，由于功能基团的协同促进作用，修饰的膜在内皮细胞增殖中比原始的PES膜表现出更好的细胞相容性。综上所述，这些结果表明，改性膜在血液接触材料领域（如血液透析和表面内皮化）具有巨大潜力。抑制血液相关补体激活和CD11b水平上的白细胞激活。此外，细胞测试表明，由于功能基团的协同促进作用，修饰的膜在内皮细胞增殖中比原始的PES膜表现出更好的细胞相容性。综上所述，这些结果表明，改性膜在血液接触材料领域（如血液透析和表面内皮化）具有巨大潜力。抑制血液相关补体激活和CD11b水平上的白细胞激活。此外，细胞测试表明，由于功能基团的协同促进作用，修饰的膜在内皮细胞增殖中比原始的PES膜表现出更好的细胞相容性。综上所述，这些结果表明，改性膜在血液接触材料领域（如血液透析和表面内皮化）具有巨大潜力。