Solar energy offers a viable solution to our growing energy need. While adoption of conventional photovoltaics on rooftops and in solar farms has grown rapidly in the last decade, there is still plenty of opportunity for expansion. See-through solar technologies with partial light transmission developed over the past 30 years have initiated methods of integration not possible with conventional modules. The large-scale deployment necessary to offset global energy consumption could be further accelerated by developing fully invisible solar cells that selectively absorb ultraviolet and near-infrared light, allowing many of the surfaces of our built environment to be turned into solar harvesting arrays without impacting the function or aesthetics. Here, we review recent advances in photovoltaics with varying degrees of visible light transparency. We discuss the figures of merit necessary to characterize transparent photovoltaics, and outline the requirements to enable their widespread adoption in buildings, windows, electronic device displays, and automobiles.

太阳能为我们不断增长的能源需求提供了可行的解决方案。尽管在过去的十年中，屋顶和太阳能发电场中常规光伏的采用迅速增长，但仍有大量的扩展机会。在过去30年中开发的具有部分透光率的透明太阳能技术已经开创了传统模块无法实现的集成方法。通过开发选择性吸收紫外线和近红外光的完全不可见的太阳能电池，可以进一步加快抵消全球能源消耗所必需的大规模部署，从而使我们建筑环境的许多表面变成太阳能收集阵列，而不会影响太阳能电池板。功能或美学。在这里，我们回顾了具有不同程度的可见光透明度的光伏技术的最新进展。