The burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is disproportionately high among men, yet empirical evidence regarding the difference in prevalence of oral HPV infection between men and women is limited. Concordance of oral and genital HPV infection among men is unknown.

To determine the prevalence of oral HPV infection, as well as the concordance of oral and genital HPV infection, among U.S. men and women.

Nationally representative survey.

Civilian noninstitutionalized population.

Adults aged 18 to 69 years from NHANES (National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 2011 to 2014).

Oral rinse, penile swab, and vaginal swab specimens were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction followed by type-specific hybridization.

The overall prevalence of oral HPV infection was 11.5% (95% CI, 9.8% to 13.1%) in men and 3.2% (CI, 2.7% to 3.8%) in women (equating to 11 million men and 3.2 million women nationwide). High-risk oral HPV infection was more prevalent among men (7.3% [CI, 6.0% to 8.6%]) than women (1.4% [CI, 1.0% to 1.8%]). Oral HPV 16 was 6 times more common in men (1.8% [CI, 1.3% to 2.2%]) than women (0.3% [CI, 0.1% to 0.5%]) (1.7 million men vs. 0.27 million women). Among men and women who reported having same-sex partners, the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was 12.7% (CI, 7.0% to 18.4%) and 3.6% (CI, 1.4% to 5.9%), respectively. Among men who reported having 2 or more same-sex oral sex partners, the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was 22.2% (CI, 9.6% to 34.8%). Oral HPV prevalence among men with concurrent genital HPV infection was fourfold greater (19.3%) than among those without it (4.4%). Men had 5.4% (CI, 5.1% to 5.8%) greater predicted probability of high-risk oral HPV infection than women. The predicted probability of high-risk oral HPV infection was greatest among black participants, those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes daily, current marijuana users, and those who reported 16 or more lifetime vaginal or oral sex partners.

Sexual behaviors were self-reported.

Oral HPV infection is common among U.S. men. This study's findings provide several policy implications to guide future OPSCC prevention efforts to combat this disease.

National Cancer Institute.

人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 阳性口咽鳞状细胞癌 (OPSCC) 的负担在男性中高得不成比例，但关于男性和女性口腔 HPV 感染率差异的经验证据有限。男性口腔和生殖器 HPV 感染的一致性尚不清楚。

确定美国男性和女性口腔 HPV 感染的流行率，以及口腔和生殖器 HPV 感染的一致性。

全国代表性调查。

非机构化的平民人口。

来自 NHANES（2011 年至 2014 年全国健康和营养检查调查）的 18 至 69 岁的成年人。

口腔冲洗液、阴茎拭子和阴道拭子样本通过聚合酶链反应进行评估，然后进行类型特异性杂交。

男性口腔 HPV 感染的总体患病率为 11.5%（95% CI，9.8% 至 13.1%），女性为 3.2%（CI，2.7% 至 3.8%）（相当于全国 1100 万男性和 320 万女性）。高危口腔 HPV 感染在男性（7.3% [CI, 6.0% to 8.6%]）中比女性（1.4% [CI, 1.0% to 1.8%]）更普遍。男性口服 HPV 16 的发病率（1.8% [CI，1.3% 至 2.2%]）是女性（0.3% [CI，0.1% 至 0.5%]）（170 万男性对 27 万女性）的 6 倍。在报告有同性伴侣的男性和女性中，高危 HPV 感染的患病率分别为 12.7%（CI，7.0% 至 18.4%）和 3.6%（CI，1.4% 至 5.9%）。在报告有 2 个或更多同性口交伴侣的男性中，高危 HPV 感染的患病率为 22.2%（CI，9.6% 至 34.8%）。在同时感染生殖器 HPV 的男性中，口腔 HPV 感染率（19.3%）是未感染者（4.4%）的四倍。男性的高危口腔 HPV 感染预测概率比女性高 5.4%（CI，5.1% 至 5.8%）。在黑人参与者、每天吸烟 20 支以上的人、目前吸食大麻的人以及报告有 16 名或更多终身阴道或口交伴侣的人中，高危口腔 HPV 感染的预测概率最高。

性行为是自我报告的。

口腔 HPV 感染在美国男性中很常见。这项研究的结果为指导未来 OPSCC 预防工作以对抗这种疾病提供了若干政策意义。

国家癌症研究所。