To address sustainability challenges, photovoltaics (PV) are regarded as a promising renewable energy technology. Decreasing PV module costs and increasing residential electricity prices have made self-consumption of PV-generated electricity financially more attractive than exporting to the grid. Organic photovoltaics (OPV) are an emerging thin-film PV technology that shows promise of greatly improving the environmental and economic performances of PV technologies. Previous studies have estimated the current and future costs of OPV technologies, but the attractiveness of investing in OPV systems has not been evaluated under real market conditions, especially under PV self-consumption schemes. In this study, we investigate the self-consumption of electricity generation from conventional and organic PV systems installed at residential houses in two different countries, Denmark and Greece, under current PV regulatory frameworks. We then focus on modelling and assessing the cost-competitiveness of organic PV technologies based on cost estimations for existing pilot-scale (kW-range), and projected scale-up (100MW) and industrial-scale (100 GW) manufacturing capacity levels. Our generic results applying to all PV technologies show that PV systems installed at residential houses in Greece perform economically better than those in Denmark do in terms of self-sufficiency and gross electricity bill savings (i.e. excluding PV costs). Using the two country cases, which present very different settings, we characterise and discuss the influence of three key parameters of the economic performance of PV systems, namely the PV regulatory scheme, the solar irradiation level and the temporal match between the electricity consumption and solar irradiation profiles. Focusing on organic PV systems developed in an industrial-scale cost setting (1.53 €/Wp), we find that they deliver significant electricity bill savings for residential houses in Greece (38%) under current conditions, while they may not be sufficiently attractive for residential houses in Denmark (6.5%) due to mainly the different PV regulatory schemes. Based on these findings, we therefore recommend investors interested in renewable energy technologies to pursue scaling up the manufacturing capacity of OPV technologies, as well as assess a large number of countries to identify and prioritise financially attractive settings for PV self-consumption.

为了应对可持续发展的挑战，光伏（PV）被认为是有前途的可再生能源技术。光伏组件成本的下降和居民用电价格的上涨使光伏发电的自耗在财务上比向电网出口更具吸引力。有机光伏（OPV）是一种新兴的薄膜PV技术，显示出有望大大改善PV技术的环境和经济性能的希望。先前的研究估计了OPV技术的当前和未来成本，但尚未在实际市场条件下（尤其是在PV自耗计划下）评估投资于OPV系统的吸引力。在这项研究中，我们将根据当前的PV监管框架，调查安装在两个不同国家（丹麦和希腊）住宅中的常规和有机PV系统的自发电情况。然后，我们将基于现有中试规模（kW-range）的成本估算以及预计的规模扩大（100MW）和工业规模（100 GW）制造能力水平，着重于建模和评估有机光伏技术的成本竞争力。我们适用于所有光伏技术的一般结果表明，就自给自足和节省的总电费而言（即不包括光伏成本），希腊民居中安装的光伏系统在经济上要比丹麦的光伏系统更好。使用这两个国家/地区案例，它们呈现出截然不同的设置，我们表征并讨论了光伏系统经济性能的三个关键参数的影响，即光伏调节方案，太阳辐照水平以及电力消耗和太阳辐照曲线之间的时间匹配。着眼于以工业规模成本设定（1.53€/ Wp）开发的有机光伏系统，我们发现在当前条件下，它们可为希腊的住宅节省大量电费（38％），而对于丹麦的住宅房屋（6.5％），主要是由于不同的光伏监管方案。因此，基于这些发现，我们建议对可再生能源技术感兴趣的投资者寻求扩大OPV技术的生产能力，