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Conjugated Polymers Via Direct Arylation Polymerization in Continuous Flow: Minimizing the Cost and Batch‐to‐Batch Variations for High‐Throughput Energy Conversion
Macromolecular Rapid Communications ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2017-10-13 , DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700526
Nemal S. Gobalasingham 1 , Jon E. Carlé 2 , Frederik C. Krebs 2 , Barry C. Thompson 1 , Eva Bundgaard 2 , Martin Helgesen 2
Affiliation  

Continuous flow methods are utilized in conjunction with direct arylation polymerization (DArP) for the scaled synthesis of the roll‐to‐roll compatible polymer, poly[(2,5‐bis(2‐hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)‐alt‐(4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PPDTBT). PPDTBT is based on simple, inexpensive, and scalable monomers using thienyl‐flanked benzothiadiazole as the acceptor, which is the first β‐unprotected substrate to be used in continuous flow via DArP, enabling critical evaluation of the suitability of this emerging synthetic method for minimizing defects and for the scaled synthesis of high‐performance materials. To demonstrate the usefulness of the method, DArP‐prepared PPDTBT via continuous flow synthesis is employed for the preparation of indium tin oxide (ITO)‐free and flexible roll‐coated solar cells to achieve a power conversion efficiency of 3.5% for 1 cm2 devices, which is comparable to the performance of PPDTBT polymerized through Stille cross coupling. These efforts demonstrate the distinct advantages of the continuous flow protocol with DArP avoiding use of toxic tin chemicals, reducing the associated costs of polymer upscaling, and minimizing batch‐to‐batch variations for high‐quality material.

中文翻译:

通过连续流中的直接芳构化聚合制得的共轭聚合物:最大限度地降低成本和批次间差异,以实现高通量能量转换

连续流动方法与直接芳基化聚合(DArP)结合使用,可批量合成卷对卷兼容聚合物,聚[(2,5-双(2-己基癸氧基)亚苯基)-丙氨酸-(4,7-二(噻吩-2-基)-苯并[c] [1,2,5]噻二唑)](PPDTBT)。PPDTBT是基于简单,廉价且可扩展的单体,使用噻吩基侧翼的苯并噻二唑作为受体,这是通过DArP连续流使用的第一种β-未保护的底物,从而能够对该新兴合成方法的适用性进行严格评估,以最大程度地减少缺陷,用于大规模合成高性能材料。为了证明该方法的有效性,通过连续流合成通过DArP制备的PPDTBT用于制备无铟锡氧化物(ITO)和柔性辊涂太阳能电池,以实现1 cm 2的功率转换效率为3.5%装置,可媲美通过Stille交叉偶联聚合的PPDTBT的性能。这些努力证明了采用DArP的连续流方案的显着优势,避免了使用有毒的锡化学药品,降低了聚合物升级的相关成本,并最大程度地减少了高质量材料的批次间差异。
更新日期:2017-10-13
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