Adaptive immune responses and immunopathogeneses are based on the ability of T cells to respond to specific antigens. Consequently, understanding T-cell recognition patterns in health and disease involves studying the complexity and genetic heterogeneity of the antigen recognition pathway, which includes both T-cell receptors and the antigen-presentation machinery. In this Perspective, we overview the development and use of technologies for assessing T-cell recognition in a clinical context, and discuss how knowledge of T-cell recognition pathways can be critical before, during and after disease treatment. The ability to assess T-cell-mediated immunity in individual patients during disease progression might enable the identification of patient-specific biomarkers that predict therapeutic efficacy and response. Effective strategies for the complex analysis of T-cell specificity in clinical settings are highly desirable and could complement current approaches for the monitoring of therapy responses.

适应性免疫反应和免疫病原体基于T细胞对特定抗原的反应能力。因此，了解健康和疾病中的T细胞识别模式涉及研究抗原识别途径的复杂性和遗传异质性，其中包括T细胞受体和抗原呈递机制。在此观点中，我们概述了在临床背景下评估T细胞识别的技术的开发和使用，并讨论了在疾病治疗之前，期间和之后，T细胞识别途径的知识如何至关重要。在疾病发展过程中评估个别患者中T细胞介导的免疫力的能力可能使鉴定预测治疗功效和反应的患者特异性生物标志物成为可能。