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Structural and Mechanistic Insights into Protein Translocation
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-10-06 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060439
Tom A. Rapoport 1 , Long Li 1 , Eunyong Park 2
Affiliation  

Many proteins are translocated across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane in prokaryotes. These proteins use hydrophobic signal sequences or transmembrane (TM) segments to trigger their translocation through the protein-conducting Sec61/SecY channel. Substrates are first directed to the channel by cytosolic targeting factors, which use hydrophobic pockets to bind diverse signal and TM sequences. Subsequently, these hydrophobic sequences insert into the channel, docking into a groove on the outside of the lateral gate of the channel, where they also interact with lipids. Structural data and biochemical experiments have elucidated how channel partners, the ribosome in cotranslational translocation, and the eukaryotic ER chaperone BiP or the prokaryotic cytosolic SecA ATPase in posttranslational translocation move polypeptides unidirectionally across the membrane. Structures of auxiliary components of the bacterial translocon, YidC and SecD/F, provide additional insight. Taken together, these recent advances result in mechanistic models of protein translocation.

中文翻译:


蛋白质易位的结构和力学见解

许多蛋白质在真核生物中穿过内质网(ER)膜,在原核生物中穿过质膜。这些蛋白质使用疏水信号序列或跨膜(TM)片段来触发它们通过蛋白质传导Sec61 / SecY通道的易位。首先通过胞质靶向因子将底物引导至通道,该因子使用疏水性口袋结合各种信号和TM序列。随后,这些疏水序列插入通道中,对接在通道侧向门外侧的凹槽中,在此处它们也与脂质相互作用。结构数据和生化实验已经阐明了通道伴侣,共翻译易位中的核糖体,翻译后易位的真核ER伴侣BiP或原核胞质SecA ATPase沿膜单向移动多肽。细菌translocon,YidC和SecD / F的辅助组件的结构提供了更多的见解。综上所述,这些最新进展产生了蛋白质转运的机械模型。

更新日期:2017-10-06
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