Energy dissipation underlies dynamic behaviors of the life system. This principle of biology is explicit, but its in vitro mimic is very challenging. Here we use an energy-dissipative self-assembly pathway to create a life-like polymer micellar system that can do periodic and self-adaptive pulsating motion fueled by cell energy currency, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Such a micelle expansion–contraction behavior relies on transient supramolecular interactions between the micelle and ATP fuel. The micelles capturing ATPs will deviate away from the thermodynamic equilibrium state, driving a continuous micellar expansion that temporarily breaks the amphiphilic balance, until a competing ATP hydrolysis consumes energy to result in an opposing micellar contraction. As long as ATP energy is supplied to keep the system in out-of-equilibrium, this reciprocating process can be sustained, and the ATP level can orchestrate the rhythm and amplitude of nanoparticulate pulsation. The man-made assemblies provide a model for imitating biologically time-dependent self-assembly and periodic nanocarriers for programmed drug delivery.

中文翻译：

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通过 ATP 燃料耗散自组装的脉动聚合物胶束

能量耗散是生命系统动态行为的基础。这一生物学原理是明确的，但其体外模拟非常具有挑战性。在这里，我们使用能量耗散自组装途径来创建一个类似生命的聚合物胶束系统，该系统可以在细胞能量货币三磷酸腺苷 (ATP) 的推动下进行周期性和自适应的脉动运动。这种胶束膨胀-收缩行为依赖于胶束和 ATP 燃料之间的瞬时超分子相互作用。捕获 ATP 的胶束将偏离热力学平衡状态，驱动持续的胶束膨胀，暂时打破两亲平衡，直到竞争性 ATP 水解消耗能量导致相反的胶束收缩。只要提供 ATP 能量以使系统保持不平衡，这种往复过程可以持续下去，并且 ATP 水平可以协调纳米颗粒脉动的节奏和幅度。人造组件为模拟生物时间依赖性自组装和周期性纳米载体提供了一个模型，用于程序化药物递送。