This review gives an updated overview of the current state-of-the-art for antimicrobial chitosan and chitosan derivatives and the effects of structural modifications on activity and toxicity. The various synthetic routes introduced for chemical modification of chitosan are discussed, and the most common functional groups are highlighted. Different analytical techniques used for structural characterization of the synthesized chitosan derivatives are discussed and critically evaluated. For the purpose of this review, the antimicrobial chitosan derivatives have been classified on the basis of the type of functional group conjugated to the polymer backbone. In each case, the influence of the degree of substitution on the biological properties has been examined. Finally, we have summarized the collective information and suggested future directions for further research to improve our understanding of the bioactivity and to develop more useful chitosan conjugates.

中文翻译：

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抗菌壳聚糖和壳聚糖衍生物：结构与活性关系的综述。

这篇综述提供了抗菌壳聚糖和壳聚糖衍生物的最新技术现状，以及结构修饰对活性和毒性的影响。讨论了对壳聚糖进行化学修饰的各种合成途径，并重点介绍了最常见的官能团。讨论并严格评估了用于合成壳聚糖衍生物的结构表征的不同分析技术。为了该综述的目的，已经基于缀合到聚合物主链上的官能团的类型对抗菌性壳聚糖衍生物进行了分类。在每种情况下，均已研究了取代度对生物学特性的影响。最后，