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mTORC1 hyperactivation arrests bone growth in lysosomal storage disorders by suppressing autophagy
The Journal of Clinical Investigation ( IF 15.9 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-05 , DOI: 10.1172/jci94130
Rosa Bartolomeo , Laura Cinque , Chiara De Leonibus , Alison Forrester , Anna Chiara Salzano , Jlenia Monfregola , Emanuela De Gennaro , Edoardo Nusco , Isabella Azario , Carmela Lanzara , Marta Serafini , Beth Levine , Andrea Ballabio , Carmine Settembre

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase promotes cell growth by activating biosynthetic pathways and suppressing catabolic pathways, particularly that of macroautophagy. A prerequisite for mTORC1 activation is its translocation to the lysosomal surface. Deregulation of mTORC1 has been associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases, but its role in skeletal disorders is largely unknown. Here, we show that enhanced mTORC1 signaling arrests bone growth in lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). We found that lysosomal dysfunction induces a constitutive lysosomal association and consequent activation of mTORC1 in chondrocytes, the cells devoted to bone elongation. mTORC1 hyperphosphorylates the protein UV radiation resistance–associated gene (UVRAG), reducing the activity of the associated Beclin 1–Vps34 complex and thereby inhibiting phosphoinositide production. Limiting phosphoinositide production leads to a blockage of the autophagy flux in LSD chondrocytes. As a consequence, LSD chondrocytes fail to properly secrete collagens, the main components of the cartilage extracellular matrix. In mouse models of LSD, normalization of mTORC1 signaling or stimulation of the Beclin 1–Vps34–UVRAG complex rescued the autophagy flux, restored collagen levels in cartilage, and ameliorated the bone phenotype. Taken together, these data unveil a role for mTORC1 and autophagy in the pathogenesis of skeletal disorders and suggest potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of LSDs.

中文翻译:

mTORC1过度激活通过抑制自噬阻止了溶酶体贮积病中骨骼的生长

雷帕霉素复合物1(mTORC1)激酶的哺乳动物靶标通过激活生物合成途径和抑制分解代谢途径,特别是大自噬途径,促进细胞生长。mTORC1激活的前提条件是其易位至溶酶体表面。mTORC1的失调与多种疾病的发病机理有关,但在骨骼疾病中的作用尚不清楚。在这里,我们显示增强的mTORC1信号阻止了溶酶体贮积症(LSDs)中的骨生长。我们发现溶酶体功能障碍诱导组成型溶酶体缔合,并在软骨细胞(专门用于骨骼延长的细胞)中激活mTORC1。mTORC1使蛋白抗紫外线辐射相关基因(UVRAG)过度磷酸化,降低相关的Beclin 1–Vps34复合物的活性,从而抑制磷酸肌醇的产生。限制磷酸肌醇的产生导致LSD软骨细胞中自噬通量的阻塞。结果,LSD软骨细胞无法正确分泌胶原蛋白,而胶原蛋白是软骨细胞外基质的主要成分。在LSD小鼠模型中,mTORC1信号的正常化或Beclin 1–Vps34–UVRAG复合物的刺激挽救了自噬通量,恢复了软骨中的胶原蛋白水平,并改善了骨表型。综上所述,这些数据揭示了mTORC1和自噬在骨骼疾病发病机理中的作用,并提出了治疗LSD的潜在治疗方法。限制磷酸肌醇的产生导致LSD软骨细胞中自噬通量的阻塞。结果,LSD软骨细胞无法正确分泌胶原蛋白,而胶原蛋白是软骨细胞外基质的主要成分。在LSD小鼠模型中,mTORC1信号的正常化或Beclin 1–Vps34–UVRAG复合物的刺激挽救了自噬通量,恢复了软骨中的胶原蛋白水平,并改善了骨表型。综上所述,这些数据揭示了mTORC1和自噬在骨骼疾病发病机理中的作用,并提出了治疗LSD的潜在治疗方法。限制磷酸肌醇的产生导致LSD软骨细胞中自噬通量的阻塞。结果,LSD软骨细胞无法正确分泌胶原蛋白,而胶原蛋白是软骨细胞外基质的主要成分。在LSD小鼠模型中,mTORC1信号的正常化或Beclin 1–Vps34–UVRAG复合物的刺激挽救了自噬通量,恢复了软骨中的胶原蛋白水平,并改善了骨表型。综上所述,这些数据揭示了mTORC1和自噬在骨骼疾病发病机理中的作用,并提出了治疗LSD的潜在治疗方法。mTORC1信号的正常化或Beclin 1–Vps34–UVRAG复合物的刺激挽救了自噬通量,恢复了软骨中的胶原蛋白水平,并改善了骨表型。综上所述,这些数据揭示了mTORC1和自噬在骨骼疾病发病机理中的作用,并提出了治疗LSD的潜在治疗方法。mTORC1信号的正常化或Beclin 1–Vps34–UVRAG复合物的刺激挽救了自噬通量,恢复了软骨中的胶原蛋白水平,并改善了骨表型。综上所述,这些数据揭示了mTORC1和自噬在骨骼疾病发病机理中的作用,并提出了治疗LSD的潜在治疗方法。
更新日期:2017-10-03
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