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Symbiosis: Viruses as Intimate Partners
Annual Review of Virology ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-29 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-110615-042323
Marilyn J. Roossinck 1 , Edelio R. Bazán 1
Affiliation  

Viruses must establish an intimate relationship with their hosts and vectors in order to infect, replicate, and disseminate; hence, viruses can be considered as symbionts with their hosts. Symbiotic relationships encompass different lifestyles, including antagonistic (or pathogenic, the most well-studied lifestyle for viruses), commensal (probably the most common lifestyle), and mutualistic (important beneficial partners). Symbiotic relationships can shape the evolution of the partners in a holobiont, and placing viruses in this context provides an important framework for understanding virus-host relationships and virus ecology. Although antagonistic relationships are thought to lead to coevolution, this is not always clear in virus-host interactions, and impacts on evolution may be complex. Commensalism implies a hitchhiking role for viruses—selfish elements just along for the ride. Mutualistic relationships have been described in detail in the past decade, and they reveal how important viruses are in considering host ecology. Ultimately, symbiosis can lead to symbiogenesis, or speciation through fusion, and the presence of large amounts of viral sequence in the genomes of everything from bacteria to humans, including some important functional genes, illustrates the significance of viral symbiogenesis in the evolution of all life on Earth.

中文翻译:


共生:病毒是亲密伴侣

病毒必须与其宿主和载体建立密切的关系才能进行感染,复制和传播。因此,病毒可以被视为与宿主的共生体。共生关系包括不同的生活方式,包括拮抗性(或致病性,对病毒研究最深入的生活方式),共情(可能是最常见的生活方式)和相互关系(重要的有益伴侣)。共生关系可以塑造伴侣中伴侣的进化,在这种情况下放置病毒可为理解病毒-宿主关系和病毒生态学提供重要的框架。尽管人们认为对抗性关系会导致协同进化,但在病毒与宿主的相互作用中并不总是很清楚,而且对进化的影响可能很复杂。共鸣主义意味着病毒的搭便车角色-自私自利。在过去的十年中,已经对互惠关系进行了详细描述,它们揭示了病毒在考虑宿主生态方面的重要性。最终,共生会导致共生或通过融合形成物种,从细菌到人类的一切基因组中都存在大量病毒序列,包括一些重要的功能基因,说明了病毒共生在整个生命进化中的重要性。在地球上。

更新日期:2017-09-29
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