Recombinant proteins produced by baculovirus (BV) expression systems contain residual BV after crude purification. We studied adjuvant effect of BV on antibody and T cell responses against two model antigens, monomeric ovalbumin (OVA) protein and oligomeric norovirus (NoV) virus-like particles (VLPs). BALB/c mice were immunized intradermally with OVA alone or OVA formulated with live or inactivated BV, and VLP formulations comprised of chromatographically purified NoV GII.4 VLPs alone or mixed with BV, or of crude purified VLPs containing BV impurities from expression system. Live BV improved immunogenicity of NoV VLPs, sparing VLP dose up to 10-fold. Moreover, soluble OVA protein induced IgG2a antibodies and T cell response only when co-administered with live BV. BV adjuvant effect was completely abrogated by removal or inactivation of BV. These findings support the usage of crude purified proteins containing residual BV as vaccine antigens.

杆状病毒（BV）表达系统产生的重组蛋白在粗纯化后含有残留的BV。我们研究了BV对两种模型抗原，单体卵清蛋白（OVA）蛋白和低聚诺如病毒（NoV）病毒样颗粒（VLPs）的抗体和T细胞应答的佐剂作用。BALB / c小鼠用单独的OVA或用活的或灭活的BV配制的OVA进行皮内免疫，VLP制剂由色谱纯化的NoV GII.4 VLP单独组成或与BV混合，或由表达系统中含有BV杂质的粗纯化VLP组成。活BV改善了NoV VLP的免疫原性，使VLP剂量节省了多达10倍。此外，仅当与活BV共同使用时，可溶性OVA蛋白才能诱导IgG2a抗体和T细胞应答。通过去除或灭活BV完全消除了BV佐剂作用。