Abstract Desalination provides an effective method to meet the worldwide freshwater crisis. Reverse osmosis (RO) based on polyamide (PA) thin-film composite (TFC) membranes have dominated desalination area with the enhancing desalting properties and decreasing energy consumption. However, it is still an urgent affair for the researchers all over the world to explore more advanced RO desalination materials and procedures to further enhance the popularization of desalination, among which development of superior membranes with as far as possible high water flux and satisfied salt rejections are particularly important. Two-dimensional (2D) nanoporous membranes with sub-nanopores, typically represented by graphene and its derivatives accompanied with some analogues such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), have displayed great potential and attracted vast interest in designing such kinds of desalination membranes. Actually, 2D nanoporous membranes might have opened a new era in desalination membranes fabrication and demonstrated brilliant future. Given this, in this review paper we reviewed and discussed the development of 2D nanoporous membranes with sub-nanopores on desalination with emphasis in simulations coupled with experimental studies. Besides, the feasibility and future directions of 2D nanoporous membranes are prospected. We sincerely hope that this paper could provide clues and insights for the future exploration of novel desalination membranes, and further contribute to the advance of desalination membranes synthesis and large-scale production.

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反渗透海水淡化中具有亚纳米孔的二维 (2D) 纳米多孔膜：最新发展和未来方向

摘要 海水淡化为应对全球淡水危机提供了一种有效的方法。基于聚酰胺（PA）薄膜复合（TFC）膜的反渗透（RO）在海水淡化领域占据主导地位，提高了脱盐性能并降低了能耗。然而，探索更先进的反渗透海水淡化材料和工艺以进一步促进海水淡化的普及仍是世界各国研究人员的当务之急，其中开发具有尽可能高水通量和满意脱盐率的优质膜尤为重要。具有亚纳米孔的二维 (2D) 纳米多孔膜，通常以石墨烯及其衍生物和一些类似物如二硫化钼 (MoS2) 为代表，已经显示出巨大的潜力，并引起了人们对设计此类海水淡化膜的极大兴趣。事实上，二维纳米多孔膜可能开启了海水淡化膜制造的新纪元，展现了辉煌的未来。鉴于此，在这篇综述论文中，我们回顾并讨论了在海水淡化中具有亚纳米孔的二维纳米多孔膜的开发，重点是模拟和实验研究。此外，展望了二维纳米多孔膜的可行性和未来发展方向。我们真诚地希望本文能为未来新型海水淡化膜的探索提供线索和见解，进一步推动海水淡化膜的合成和规模化生产。二维纳米多孔膜可能开启了海水淡化膜制造的新时代，并展示了辉煌的未来。鉴于此，在这篇综述论文中，我们回顾并讨论了在海水淡化中具有亚纳米孔的二维纳米多孔膜的开发，重点是模拟和实验研究。此外，展望了二维纳米多孔膜的可行性和未来发展方向。我们真诚地希望本文能为未来新型海水淡化膜的探索提供线索和见解，进一步推动海水淡化膜的合成和规模化生产。二维纳米多孔膜可能开启了海水淡化膜制造的新时代，并展示了辉煌的未来。鉴于此，在这篇综述论文中，我们回顾并讨论了在海水淡化中具有亚纳米孔的二维纳米多孔膜的开发，重点是模拟和实验研究。此外，展望了二维纳米多孔膜的可行性和未来发展方向。我们真诚地希望本文能为未来新型海水淡化膜的探索提供线索和见解，进一步推动海水淡化膜的合成和规模化生产。在这篇综述论文中，我们回顾并讨论了在海水淡化中具有亚纳米孔的二维纳米多孔膜的开发，重点是模拟和实验研究。此外，展望了二维纳米多孔膜的可行性和未来发展方向。我们真诚地希望本文能为未来新型海水淡化膜的探索提供线索和见解，进一步推动海水淡化膜的合成和规模化生产。在这篇综述论文中，我们回顾并讨论了在海水淡化中具有亚纳米孔的二维纳米多孔膜的开发，重点是模拟和实验研究。此外，展望了二维纳米多孔膜的可行性和未来发展方向。我们真诚地希望本文能为未来新型海水淡化膜的探索提供线索和见解，进一步推动海水淡化膜的合成和规模化生产。