Psychedelic drugs, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline, and psilocybin, exert profound effects on brain and behavior. After decades of difficulties in studying these compounds, psychedelics are again being tested as potential treatments for intractable biomedical disorders. Preclinical research of psychedelics complements human neuroimaging studies and pilot clinical trials, suggesting these compounds as promising treatments for addiction, depression, anxiety, and other conditions. However, many questions regarding the mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy of psychedelics remain. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical data in this field, discuss their pharmacological mechanisms of action, and outline critical areas for future studies of psychedelic drugs, with the goal of maximizing the potential benefits of translational psychedelic biomedicine to patients.

迷幻药，例如麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD），甲斯卡林和psilocybin，对大脑和行为产生深远的影响。在研究这些化合物数十年的困难之后，再次将迷幻药作为治疗顽固性生物医学疾病的潜在疗法进行了测试。迷幻药的临床前研究对人类神经影像学研究和临床试验进行了补充，表明这些化合物可作为治疗成瘾，抑郁，焦虑和其他疾病的有前途的疗法。但是，关于迷幻药的作用机制，安全性和功效的许多问题仍然存在。在这里，我们总结了该领域的最新临床前和临床数据，讨论了它们的药理作用机理，并概述了未来迷幻药物研究的关键领域，