A novel silicon–carbon composite with a 3D pore-nest structure denoted as Si@SiO_x/CNTs@C was prepared and studied. The results showed that agglomeration of nano-silicon particles is effectively inhibited by the addition of a surfactant; meanwhile, surfactant pyrolytic carbon (SPC) and a relatively dense SiO_x mechanical binding layer on the surface of Si magnificently restrain the volume expansion during the lithiation process and are conducive to the formation of a stable SEI film. In addition, a 3D electron pathway was constituted by CNTs, graphite and SPC on the surface of Si to enhance the conductivity. The results showed that the capacity of the Si@SiO_x/CNTs@C composite anode can be maintained at above 1740 mA h g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.42 A g⁻¹ after 700 cycles without capacity loss compared to the initial charge capacity, which indicated the excellent cycle performance of the composite material. Furthermore, a rule of thumb has been perceived by means of CV, cell charging/discharging measurements and their differential capacity analyses, which is characteristic of an electrode made of silicon as an active material. The finding contributes to the in-depth comprehension and general elucidation of the degradation mechanism of Si-based anode materials.

中文翻译：

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一种3D孔巢结构的硅碳复合材料，可作为高性能锂离子电池的负极材料†

制备并研究了具有3D孔巢结构的新型硅碳复合材料，表示为Si @ SiO _x / CNTs @ C。结果表明，加入表面活性剂可有效抑制纳米硅颗粒的团聚。同时，表面活性剂热解碳（SPC）和Si表面上相对致密的SiO _x机械结合层极大地抑制了锂化过程中的体积膨胀，有利于形成稳定的SEI膜。另外，在硅表面上由CNT，石墨和SPC构成3D电子路径，以增强导电性。结果表明，Si @ SiO _x / CNTs @ C复合阳极的容量可以保持在1740 mA hg ^-1以上在700次循环后电流密度为0.42 A g ^-1时，与初始充电容量相比没有容量损失，这表明复合材料具有出色的循环性能。此外，通过CV，电池充电/放电测量以及它们的微分容量分析已经掌握了经验法则，这是由硅作为活性材料制成的电极的特征。该发现有助于对基于硅的阳极材料的降解机理的深入理解和一般性阐明。