Humans perceive physical information about the surrounding environment through their senses. This physical information is registered by a collection of highly evolved and finely tuned molecular sensory receptors. A multitude of bioactive, structurally diverse ligands have evolved in nature that bind these molecular receptors. The complex, dynamic interactions between the ligands and the receptors lead to changes in our sensory perception or mood. Here, we review our current knowledge of natural products and their derived analogues that interact specifically with human G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, and nuclear hormone receptors to modulate the sensations of taste, smell, temperature, pain, and itch, as well as mood and its associated behaviour. We discuss the molecular and structural mechanisms underlying such interactions and highlight cases where subtle differences in natural product chemistry produce drastic changes in functional outcome. We also discuss cases where a single compound triggers complex sensory or behavioural changes in humans through multiple mechanistic targets. Finally, we comment on the therapeutic potential of the reviewed area of research and draw attention to recent technological developments in genomics, metabolomics, and metabolic engineering that allow us to tap the medicinal properties of natural product chemistry without taxing nature.

中文翻译：

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人类感觉和情绪的天然产物调节剂：分子机制和治疗潜力

人类通过感知来感知有关周围环境的物理信息。这些物理信息通过高度进化和微调的分子感觉受体的集合进行记录。自然界中已经进化出许多具有生物活性，结构多样的配体，这些配体与这些分子受体结合。配体与受体之间复杂，动态的相互作用导致我们的感觉或情绪发生变化。在这里，我们回顾了我们对天然产物及其衍生的类似物的当前知识，这些产物与人G蛋白偶联受体，离子通道和核激素受体发生特异性相互作用，从而调节味觉，气味，温度，疼痛和瘙痒感。作为情绪及其相关行为。我们讨论了这种相互作用的分子和结构机理，并重点介绍了天然产物化学中的细微差异会导致功能性结果发生急剧变化的情况。我们还将讨论单个化合物通过多个机械目标触发人类复杂的感觉或行为变化的情况。最后，我们对所研究领域的治疗潜力进行评论，并提请注意基因组学，代谢组学和代谢工程学方面的最新技术发展，这些发展使我们能够利用天然产物化学的药物特性而无需征税自然。我们还将讨论单个化合物通过多个机械目标触发人类复杂的感觉或行为变化的情况。最后，我们对所研究领域的治疗潜力进行评论，并提请注意基因组学，代谢组学和代谢工程学方面的最新技术发展，这些发展使我们能够利用天然产物化学的药物特性而无需征税自然。我们还将讨论单个化合物通过多个机械目标触发人类复杂的感觉或行为变化的情况。最后，我们对所研究领域的治疗潜力进行评论，并提请注意基因组学，代谢组学和代谢工程学方面的最新技术发展，这些发展使我们能够利用天然产物化学的药物特性而无需征税自然。