Avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses are prevalent in pigs and have occasionally crossed the species barrier and infected humans, which highlights the importance of preventing swine influenza. Human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) has been tested in human influenza vaccine clinical trials and has exhibited a reliable safety profile. Here, we generated a replication-defective, recombinant adenovirus (designated as rAd5-avH1HA) expressing the hemagglutinin gene of an avian-like H1N1 virus (A/swine/Zhejiang/199/2013, ZJ/199/13). Using a BALB/c mouse model, we showed that a two-dose intramuscular administration of recombinant rAd5-avH1HA induced high levels of hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and prevented homologous and heterologous H1N1 virus-induced weight loss, as well as viral replication in the nasal turbinates and lungs of mice. Furthermore, a prime–boost immunization strategy trial with a recombinant plasmid (designated as pCAGGS-HA) followed by rAd5-avH1HA vaccine provided effective protection against homologous and heterologous H1N1 virus infection in mice. These results indicate that rAd5-avH1HA is an efficacious genetically engineered vaccine candidate against H1N1 swine influenza. Future studies should examine its immune efficacy in pigs.

禽流感样H1N1猪流感病毒在猪中普遍存在，偶尔会越过物种壁垒并感染人类，这凸显了预防猪流感的重要性。人类腺病毒血清型5（Ad5）已在人类流感疫苗临床试验中进行了测试，并显示出可靠的安全性。在这里，我们产生了复制缺陷型重组腺病毒（称为rAd5-avH1HA），该病毒表达禽样H1N1病毒的血凝素基因（A / swine / Zhejiang / 199/2013，ZJ / 199/13）。使用BALB / c小鼠模型，我们发现肌肉注射重组rAd5-avH1HA的两次剂量可诱导高水平的血凝抑制抗体，并防止同源和异源H1N1病毒引起的体重减轻以及鼻甲中的病毒复制和老鼠的肺。此外，使用重组质粒（称为pCAGGS-HA）和rAd5-avH1HA疫苗的初免-加强免疫策略试验提供了针对小鼠中同源和异源H1N1病毒感染的有效保护。这些结果表明，rAd5-avH1HA是抗H1N1猪流感的有效基因工程疫苗候选者。未来的研究应检查其对猪的免疫功效。