Block copolymers are a well-studied and canonical self-assembly paradigm. Despite active research, new methods are continually emerging that allow the formation of yet more diverse and complex morphologies. In this review, we analyze and comment on the state-of-the-art with respect to exploiting block copolymers in order to form ‘non-native’ morphologies; that is, structures that deviate from the bulk equilibrium morphologies observed in the simplest block copolymer systems. The range of reviewed strategies can be organized with respect to where the final structural information is encoded. Self-assembly involves intrinsic encoding within the molecules themselves, while external fields or templates can be used to externally encode a desired structure. Hybrid strategies, which exploit the responsiveness of self-assembly but control it through external forces or process history, are particularly promising.

中文翻译：

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超越天然嵌段共聚物的形态

嵌段共聚物是一种经过充分研究和规范的自组装范例。尽管进行了积极的研究，但不断涌现出新的方法，这些方法允许形成更加多样化和复杂的形态。在这篇综述中，我们分析和评论了有关开发嵌段共聚物以形成“非天然”形态的最新技术。也就是说，结构偏离了在最简单的嵌段共聚物体系中观察到的本体平衡形态。可以根据最终结构信息的编码位置来组织审查策略的范围。自组装涉及分子自身内的固有编码，而外部场或模板可用于外部编码所需的结构。混合策略