Background

Many sectors of industry, mainly food, cosmetics and pharmaceutics, have increased their interest in esters due to their flavor property. Flavor esters that possess an aromatic ring in their molecular structure are also known as aromatic esters. These esters are widely found in nature (fruits and plants) and the synthetic (i.e. via chemical) and natural routes (i.e. via direct extraction from nature or via biotechnology) are suitable for their biocatalysis.

Scope and Approach

In this context, from the industrial point of view, enzyme-catalyzed reactions are the most economical approach to reach final green products with no toxicity and no harm to human health. The present article gives an overview of the aromatic esters synthesis, considering the main effects in the reaction media conditions and enzymes used. This review also describes applied trends in enzymatic-catalyzed reactions, pointing alternatives to production, like ultrasound-assisted reactions and process optimization of aromatic esters. Furthermore, this work presents perspectives concerning the biological potential of these esters and recent advances in their encapsulation.

Key Findings and Conclusions

Lipases play an important role in the aromatic esters production, with several advantages over synthetic route. Lipase-catalyzed reactions usually follows Ping-Pong Bi-Bi or ternary complex (order Bi-Bi) mechanism. The study of the process parameters and their interaction are very important to understand the system optimization and achieve the maximum reaction yield to scale up. Aromatic esters can present some biological activities, in addition to their fragrances, which increases the interest in the encapsulation of these compounds.

中文翻译：

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用于食品，化妆品和制药行业的香料成分的芳香族酯的酶法合成研究进展

背景

许多工业部门，主要是食品，化妆品和药品，由于其风味特性而增加了对酯的兴趣。在其分子结构中具有芳环的风味酯也称为芳族酯。这些酯是在自然界（水果和植物）中广泛发现的，合成的（即通过化学）和自然路线（即通过直接从自然界提取或通过生物技术）适合于它们的生物催化作用。

范围和方法

在这种情况下，从工业角度来看，酶催化反应是获得最终绿色产物且无毒且对人体健康无害的最经济的方法。考虑到反应介质条件和所用酶的主要作用，本文概述了芳族酯的合成。这篇综述还描述了酶催化反应的应用趋势，指出了生产的替代方法，例如超声辅助反应和芳族酯的工艺优化。此外，这项工作提出了有关这些酯的生物学潜力以及其封装的最新进展的观点。

主要发现和结论

脂肪酶在芳香族酯的生产中起着重要的作用，与合成路线相比具有许多优势。脂肪酶催化的反应通常遵循乒乓Bi-Bi或三元复合物（Bi-Bi级）机理。工艺参数及其相互作用的研究对于理解系统优化和实现最大的反应收率以扩大规模非常重要。芳香族酯除了具有其芳香剂外，还可以表现出某些生物学活性，这增加了对这些化合物的封装的兴趣。