Therapeutic antibodies targeting disease-associated antigens are key tools in the treatment of cancer and autoimmunity. So far, therapeutic antibodies have targeted antigens that are, or are presumed to be, extracellular. A largely overlooked property of antibodies is their functional activity inside cells. The diverse literature dealing with intracellular antibodies emerged historically from studies of the properties of some autoantibodies. The identification of tripartite motif (TRIM) 21 as an intracellular Fc receptor linking cytosolic antibody recognition to the ubiquitin proteasome system brings this research into sharper focus. We review critically the research related to intracellular antibodies, link this to the TRIM21 effector mechanism, and highlight how this work is exposing the previously restricted intracellular space to the potential of therapeutic antibodies.

中文翻译：

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TRIM21和细胞内抗体的功能

靶向疾病相关抗原的治疗性抗体是治疗癌症和自身免疫的关键工具。迄今为止，治疗性抗体具有靶向抗原，该抗原是或推测为细胞外的。抗体在很大程度上被忽视的特性是它们在细胞内的功能活性。历史上从对某些自身抗体特性的研究中出现了涉及细胞内抗体的各种文献。将三重基序（TRIM）21鉴定为将胞质抗体识别与泛素蛋白酶体系统联系起来的细胞内Fc受体，使这项研究成为了更明确的重点。我们严格审查与细胞内抗体相关的研究，并将其与TRIM21效应子机制相关联，