The coenzyme NAD⁺ is critical in cellular bioenergetics and adaptive stress responses. Its depletion has emerged as a fundamental feature of aging that may predispose to a wide range of chronic diseases. Maintenance of NAD⁺ levels is important for cells with high energy demands and for proficient neuronal function. NAD⁺ depletion is detected in major neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, cardiovascular disease and muscle atrophy. Emerging evidence suggests that NAD⁺ decrements occur in various tissues during aging, and that physiological and pharmacological interventions bolstering cellular NAD⁺ levels might retard aspects of aging and forestall some age-related diseases. Here, we discuss aspects of NAD⁺ biosynthesis, together with putative mechanisms of NAD⁺ action against aging, including recent preclinical and clinical trials.

辅酶 NAD ⁺在细胞生物能量学和适应性应激反应中至关重要。它的消耗已成为衰老的一个基本特征，可能导致多种慢性疾病。维持 NAD ⁺水平对于能量需求高的细胞和熟练的神经元功能非常重要。NAD ⁺消耗在主要的神经退行性疾病中被发现，例如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病、心血管疾病和肌肉萎缩。新的证据表明，衰老过程中各种组织中的 NAD ⁺都会减少，而提高细胞 NAD ⁺水平的生理和药物干预措施可能会延缓衰老并预防一些与年龄相关的疾病。在这里，我们讨论 NAD ⁺生物合成的各个方面，以及 NAD ⁺抗衰老作用的推定机制，包括最近的临床前和临床试验。