Amino acids are attractive and promising biochemicals with market capacity requirements constantly increasing. Their applicability ranges from animal feed additives, flavour enhancers and ingredients in cosmetic to specialty nutrients in pharmaceutical and medical fields.

This review gives an overview of the processes applied for amino acids production and points out the main advantages and disadvantages of each.

Due to the advances made in the genetic engineering techniques, the biotechnological processes, and in particular the fermentation with the aid of strains such as Corynebacterium glutamicum or Escherichia coli, play a significant role in the industrial production of amino acids. Despite the numerous advantages of the fermentative amino acids production, the process still needs significant improvements leading to increased productivity and reduction of the production costs.

Although the production processes of amino acids have been extensively investigated in previous studies, a comprehensive overview of the developments in bioprocess technology has not been reported yet. This review states the importance of the fermentation process for industrial amino acids production, underlining the strengths and the weaknesses of the process. Moreover, the potential of innovative approaches utilizing macro and microalgae or bacteria are presented.

氨基酸是有吸引力的，有前途的生化试剂，市场容量要求不断提高。它们的适用范围从动物饲料添加剂，增味剂和化妆品成分到制药和医疗领域的特种营养素。

这篇综述概述了用于氨基酸生产的方法，并指出了每种氨基酸的主要优点和缺点。

由于基因工程技术的进步，生物技术过程，特别是借助诸如谷氨酸棒杆菌或大肠杆菌的菌株的发酵在氨基酸的工业生产中起着重要作用。尽管发酵氨基酸生产具有许多优点，但是该方法仍需要显着改进，从而导致生产率提高和生产成本降低。

尽管在先前的研究中已经对氨基酸的生产过程进行了广泛的研究，但尚未报道生物工艺技术发展的全面概述。这篇评论陈述了发酵过程对工业氨基酸生产的重要性，强调了该过程的优缺点。此外，还提出了利用大型藻类和微藻类或细菌的创新方法的潜力。