Lithium ion batteries as a power source are dominating in portable electronics, penetrating the electric vehicle market, and on the verge of entering the utility market for grid-energy storage. Depending on the application, trade-offs among the various performance parameters—energy, power, cycle life, cost, safety, and environmental impact—are often needed, which are linked to severe materials chemistry challenges. The current lithium ion battery technology is based on insertion-reaction electrodes and organic liquid electrolytes. With an aim to increase the energy density or optimize the other performance parameters, new electrode materials based on both insertion reaction and dominantly conversion reaction along with solid electrolytes and lithium metal anode are being intensively pursued. This article presents an outlook on lithium ion technology by providing first the current status and then the progress and challenges with the ongoing approaches. In light of the formidable challenges with some of the approaches, the article finally points out practically viable near-term strategies.

中文翻译：

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锂离子电池技术展望

锂离子电池作为电源在便携式电子产品中占主导地位，渗透到电动汽车市场，并且即将进入电网储能公用事业市场。根据不同的应用，通常需要在各种性能参数（能量，功率，循环寿命，成本，安全性和环境影响）之间进行权衡，这与严峻的材料化学挑战有关。当前的锂离子电池技术基于插入反应电极和有机液体电解质。为了增加能量密度或优化其他性能参数，正在积极寻求基于插入反应和主要转化反应以及固体电解质和锂金属阳极的新型电极材料。本文首先介绍了锂离子技术的现状，然后提供了进行中方法的进展和挑战，从而提出了对锂离子技术的展望。鉴于某些方法面临的严峻挑战，本文最后指出了切实可行的近期策略。