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The comparative study of empathy: sympathetic concern and empathic perspective-taking in non-human animals
Biological Reviews ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2017-05-25 , DOI: 10.1111/brv.12342
Ana Pérez-Manrique 1 , Antoni Gomila 1
Affiliation  

While empathy is a century‐old psychological concept, its study in non‐human animals has become the focus of much recent scientific interest, as it promises to provide the clues to understand the evolutionary origins of our social and moral nature. A review of the comparative study of empathy is thus timely to complement and constrain anthropocentric views, and to integrate current findings. However, this is not an easy task. The study of animal empathy has developed using different paradigms, different concepts of the phenomena involved, and the absence of a systematic program. Herein, we carry out a comprehensive review of the literature on complex forms of empathy in non‐human animals: sympathetic concern and empathic perspective‐taking. In particular, we focus on consolation and targeted helping, as the best examples of each category. In so doing, we try to shed light on the current debate concerning whether these phenomena are exclusively human traits. First, we try to clarify the terminology and taxonomy of forms of empathy, providing operative criteria for these phenomena that are applicable to both human and non‐human animals. Second, we discuss whether the available evidence qualifies such behaviour as empathic. Third, we aim to provide an integrative view of the field, clarifying the challenges and conditions to satisfy. We also hope to highlight the importance of the study of these processes for elucidating the evolutionary history of this capacity across the animal kingdom.

中文翻译:

同理心的比较研究:非人类动物的同理心关注和同理心观点采择

虽然同理心是一个有着百年历史的心理学概念,但它对非人类动物的研究已成为最近许多科学兴趣的焦点,因为它有望为理解我们的社会和道德本性的进化起源提供线索。因此,对同理心的比较研究进行回顾是及时补充和限制以人类为中心的观点,并整合当前的发现。然而,这不是一件容易的事。动物同理心的研究已经发展到使用不同的范式、所涉及现象的不同概念以及缺乏系统程序的情况。在此,我们对非人类动物中复杂形式的同理心的文献进行了全面回顾:同理心关注和同理心观点采择。特别是,我们专注于安慰和有针对性的帮助,作为每个类别的最佳示例。通过这样做,我们试图阐明当前关于这些现象是否完全是人类特征的争论。首先,我们试图澄清共情形式的术语和分类,为这些现象提供适用于人类和非人类动物的操作标准。其次,我们讨论现有证据是否将这种行为定性为移情。第三,我们旨在提供该领域的综合观点,阐明要满足的挑战和条件。我们还希望强调研究这些过程的重要性,以阐明这种能力在整个动物王国的进化历史。为这些现象提供适用于人类和非人类动物的操作标准。其次,我们讨论现有证据是否将这种行为定性为移情。第三,我们旨在提供该领域的综合观点,阐明要满足的挑战和条件。我们还希望强调研究这些过程的重要性,以阐明这种能力在整个动物王国的进化历史。为这些现象提供适用于人类和非人类动物的操作标准。其次,我们讨论现有证据是否将这种行为定性为移情。第三,我们旨在提供该领域的综合观点,阐明要满足的挑战和条件。我们还希望强调研究这些过程的重要性,以阐明这种能力在整个动物王国的进化历史。
更新日期:2017-05-25
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