Functional traits have been fundamental to the evolution and diversification of entire fish lineages on coral reefs. Yet their relationship with the processes promoting speciation, extinction and the filtering of local species pools remains unclear. We review the current literature exploring the evolution of diet, body size, water column use and geographic range size in reef‐associated fishes. Using published and new data, we mapped functional traits on to published phylogenetic trees to uncover evolutionary patterns that have led to the current functional diversity of fishes on coral reefs. When examining reconstructed patterns for diet and feeding mode, we found examples of independent transitions to planktivory across different reef fish families. Such transitions and associated morphological alterations may represent cases in which ecological opportunity for the exploitation of different resources drives speciation and adaptation. In terms of body size, reconstructions showed that both large and small sizes appear multiple times within clades of mid‐sized fishes and that extreme body sizes have arisen mostly in the last 10 million years (Myr). The reconstruction of range size revealed many cases of disparate range sizes among sister species. Such range size disparity highlights potential vicariant processes through isolation in peripheral locations. When accounting for peripheral speciation processes in sister pairs, we found a significant relationship between labrid range size and lineage age. The diversity and evolution of traits within lineages is influenced by trait–environment interactions as well as by species and trait–trait interactions, where the presence of a given trait may trigger the development of related traits or behaviours. Our effort to assess the evolution of functional diversity across reef fish clades adds to the burgeoning research focusing on the evolutionary and ecological roles of functional traits. We argue that the combination of a phylogenetic and a functional approach will improve the understanding of the mechanisms of species assembly in extraordinarily rich coral reef communities.

中文翻译：

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珊瑚鱼功能性状的系统发育观点

功能特征对于珊瑚礁上整个鱼类谱系的进化和多样化至关重要。然而，它们与促进物种形成、灭绝和过滤当地物种库的过程的关系仍不清楚。我们回顾了当前探索珊瑚礁相关鱼类饮食、体型、水柱使用和地理范围大小演变的文献。使用已发表的和新的数据，我们将功能特征映射到已发表的系统发育树上，以揭示导致珊瑚礁鱼类当前功能多样性的进化模式。在检查饮食和喂养模式的重建模式时，我们发现了不同珊瑚鱼科独立过渡到浮游动物的例子。这种转变和相关的形态变化可能代表了开发不同资源的生态机会推动物种形成和适应的情况。在体型方面，重建显示大型和小型鱼类在中型鱼类的进化枝中多次出现，而且极端体型大多出现在过去 1000 万年 (Myr)。范围大小的重建揭示了许多姐妹物种之间范围大小不同的情况。这种范围大小的差异通过在外围位置的隔离突出了潜在的替代过程。在考虑姐妹对的外围物种形成过程时，我们发现拉布利范围大小和谱系年龄之间存在显着关系。谱系内性状的多样性和进化受性状-环境相互作用以及物种和性状-性状相互作用的影响，其中给定性状的存在可能触发相关性状或行为的发展。我们评估珊瑚鱼进化枝功能多样性进化的努力增加了新兴的研究，重点关注功能性状的进化和生态作用。我们认为，系统发育和功能方法的结合将提高对极其丰富的珊瑚礁群落中物种组装机制的理解。我们评估珊瑚鱼进化枝功能多样性进化的努力增加了新兴的研究，重点关注功能性状的进化和生态作用。我们认为，系统发育和功能方法的结合将提高对极其丰富的珊瑚礁群落中物种组装机制的理解。我们评估珊瑚鱼进化枝功能多样性进化的努力增加了新兴的研究，重点关注功能性状的进化和生态作用。我们认为，系统发育和功能方法的结合将提高对极其丰富的珊瑚礁群落中物种组装机制的理解。