This review first provides a brief introduction into the most important tools and strategies for protein engineering (i.e. directed evolution and rational protein design combined with high-throughput screening methods) followed by examples from literature, in which enzymes have been optimized for biocatalytic applications. This covers engineered lipases with altered fatty acid chain length selectivity, fatty acid specificity and improved performance in esterification reactions. Furthermore, recent achievements reported for phospholipases, lipoxygenases, P450 monooxygenases, decarboxylating enzymes, fatty acid hydratases and the use of enzymes in cascade reactions are treated.

这篇综述首先简要介绍了蛋白质工程最重要的工具和策略（即定向进化和合理的蛋白质设计与高通量筛选方法相结合），然后是文献中的实例，其中酶已针对生物催化应用进行了优化。这涵盖了工程化的脂肪酶，其具有改变的脂肪酸链长度选择性，脂肪酸特异性和改善的酯化反应性能。此外，还报道了有关磷脂酶，脂氧合酶，P450单加氧酶，脱羧酶，脂肪酸水合酶以及在级联反应中使用酶的最新成果。