Phospholipases D (PLD) and C (PLC) hydrolyze the phosphodiesteric linkages of the head group of membrane phospholipids. PLDs and PLCs in plants occur in different forms: the calcium-dependent phospholipid binding domain-containing PLDs (C2-PLDs), the plekstrin homology and phox homology domain-containing PLDs (PX/PH-PLDs), phosphoinositide-specific PLC (PI-PLC), and non-specific PLC (NPC). They differ in structures, substrate selectivities, cofactor requirements, and/or reaction conditions. These enzymes and their reaction products, such as phosphatidic acid (PA), diacylglycerol (DAG), and inositol polyphosphates, play important, multifaceted roles in plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Here, we review biochemical properties, cellular effects, and physiological functions of PLDs and PLCs, particularly in the context of their roles in stress response along with advances made on the role of PA and DAG in cell signaling in plants. The mechanism of actions, including those common and distinguishable among different PLDs and PLCs, will also be discussed.

磷脂酶D（PLD）和C（PLC）水解膜磷脂头基的磷酸二酯键。植物中的PLD和PLC以不同形式出现：钙依赖性磷脂结合域PLD（C2-PLD），plekstrin同源和phox同源域PLD（PX / PH-PLD），磷酸肌醇特异性PLC（PI -PLC）和非特定的PLC（NPC）。它们在结构，底物选择性，辅因子要求和/或反应条件方面有所不同。这些酶及其反应产物，例如磷脂酸（PA），二酰基甘油（DAG）和肌醇多磷酸酯，在植物对非生物和生物胁迫的反应中起着重要的，多方面的作用。在这里，我们回顾了PLD和PLC的生化特性，细胞效应和生理功能，特别是在它们在逆境响应中的作用以及PA和DAG在植物细胞信号传导中的作用方面取得的进展。还将讨论动作机制，包括不同PLD和PLC之间的共同和可区分的动作。