To date, studies have demonstrated the dynamic influence of exogenous environmental stimuli on multiple regions of the brain. This environmental influence positively and negatively impacts programs governing myelination, and acts on myelinating oligodendrocyte (OL) cells across the human lifespan. Developmentally, environmental manipulation of OL progenitor cells (OPCs) has profound effects on the establishment of functional cognitive, sensory, and motor programs. Furthermore, central nervous system (CNS) myelin remains an adaptive entity in adulthood, sensitive to environmentally induced structural changes. Here, we discuss the role of environmental stimuli on mechanisms governing programs of CNS myelination under normal and pathological conditions. Importantly, we highlight how these extrinsic cues can influence the intrinsic power of myelin plasticity to promote functional recovery.

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全部总结：环境对髓鞘形成的影响

迄今为止，研究已经证明了外源性环境刺激对大脑多个区域的动态影响。这种环境影响对控制髓鞘形成的程序产生积极和消极的影响，并在整个人类生命周期中作用于髓鞘形成的少突胶质细胞 (OL)。在发育过程中，OL 祖细胞 (OPC) 的环境操纵对功能性认知、感觉和运动程序的建立具有深远的影响。此外，中枢神经系统 (CNS) 髓鞘在成年期仍然是一种适应性实体，对环境引起的结构变化敏感。在这里，我们讨论了环境刺激在正常和病理条件下控制 CNS 髓鞘形成程序的机制中的作用。重要的，