Developing efficient brain imaging technologies by combining a high spatiotemporal resolution and a large penetration depth is a key step for better understanding the neurovascular interface that emerges as a main pathway to neurodegeneration in many pathologies such as dementia. This review focuses on the advances in two complementary techniques: multi-photon laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM) and functional ultrasound imaging (fUSi). MPLSM has become the gold standard for in vivo imaging of cellular dynamics and morphology, together with cerebral blood flow. fUSi is an innovative imaging modality based on Doppler ultrasound, capable of recording vascular brain activity over large scales (i.e., tens of cubic millimeters) at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution for such volumes (up to 10 μm pixel size at 10 kHz). By merging these two technologies, researchers may have access to a more detailed view of the various processes taking place at the neurovascular interface. MPLSM and fUSi are also good candidates for addressing the major challenge of real-time delivery, monitoring, and in vivo evaluation of drugs in neuronal tissue.

通过结合高时空分辨率和大穿透深度来开发有效的大脑成像技术，是更好地了解神经血管界面的关键步骤，而神经血管界面是痴呆症等许多病理学中神经退行性病变的主要途径。这篇综述着眼于两种互补技术的进展：多光子激光扫描显微镜（MPLSM）和功能超声成像（fUSi）。MPLSM已成为对细胞动力学和形态以及脑血流进行体内成像的金标准。FUSI是基于多普勒超声一个创新的成像模态，能够记录血管性脑活动范围大尺度（的我。Ë数十立方毫米）的空间和时间分辨率达到此类体积（在10 kHz时像素尺寸最大为10μm）。通过合并这两种技术，研究人员可以访问神经血管界面处发生的各种过程的更详细视图。MPLSM和fUSi也是应对神经元组织中药物的实时递送，监测和体内评估的主要挑战的良好候选者。