Priming is an adaptive strategy that improves the defensive capacity of plants. This phenomenon is marked by an enhanced activation of induced defense mechanisms. Stimuli from pathogens, beneficial microbes, or arthropods, as well as chemicals and abiotic cues, can trigger the establishment of priming by acting as warning signals. Upon stimulus perception, changes may occur in the plant at the physiological, transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic levels. This phase is called the priming phase. Upon subsequent challenge, the plant effectively mounts a faster and/or stronger defense response that defines the postchallenge primed state and results in increased resistance and/or stress tolerance. Priming can be durable and maintained throughout the plant's life cycle and can even be transmitted to subsequent generations, therefore representing a type of plant immunological memory.

中文翻译：

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防御启动：诱导抗性的适应性部分

启动是一种适应性策略，可提高植物的防御能力。这种现象的特点是诱导防御机制的激活增强。来自病原体、有益微生物或节肢动物的刺激，以及化学物质和非生物线索，可以通过充当警告信号来触发启动的建立。根据刺激感知，植物中可能会发生生理、转录、代谢和表观遗传水平的变化。这个阶段称为启动阶段。在随后的攻击中，植物有效地启动更快和/或更强的防御反应，定义攻击后引发状态并导致抗性和/或胁迫耐受性增加。引发可以在植物的整个生命周期中持久和保持，甚至可以传递给后代，