Abstract Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination has some environmental impacts associated with the construction and operation of intake systems and the disposal of concentrate. The primary impact of conventional open-ocean intake systems is the impingement and entrainment of marine organisms. These impacts can be minimized by locating the intake in a geographic position where oceanic productivity is low. Velocity-cap intakes tend to reduce impacts by minimizing the number of fish entrained and some new traveling screens can allow the survival of some marine organisms. Mitigation, such as environmental restoration of habitat or restocking, can provide an acceptable solution to impacts where they are significant. Subsurface intake systems avoid impingement and entrainment impacts, but can cause other, less important impacts (e.g., visual, beach access). Concentrate disposal can locally impact benthic communities, if poorly diluted discharge is allowed to flow across the marine bottom. Impacts to benthic communities from concentrate discharges can be minimized by using properly-designed diffuser systems, designed and located based current and flow modeling. The experiences of SWRO desalination to date indicate that environmental impacts can be satisfactorily minimized with proper design based on a reasonably complete environmental impact analysis prior to facility siting and design.

中文翻译：

---

海水反渗透淡化中的环境问题：进水口和出水口

摘要 海水反渗透 (SWRO) 脱盐对进水系统的建设和运行以及浓缩物的处理有一些环境影响。传统公海进水系统的主要影响是海洋生物的撞击和夹带。通过将取水口设在海洋生产力低的地理位置，可以最大限度地减少这些影响。速度上限摄入量往往通过最大限度地减少夹带鱼的数量来减少影响，一些新的移动屏幕可以让一些海洋生物生存。缓解措施，例如栖息地的环境恢复或重新放养，可以为重大影响提供可接受的解决方案。地下进气系统可避免撞击和夹带影响，但可能会导致其他不太重要的影响（例如，视觉、海滩通道）。如果允许稀释不良的排放物流过海洋底部，则浓缩物处置会在局部影响底栖群落。通过使用适当设计的扩散器系统、基于电流和流动建模的设计和定位，可以最大限度地减少浓缩物排放对底栖群落的影响。迄今为止，SWRO 海水淡化的经验表明，在设施选址和设计之前，基于合理完整的环境影响分析，通过适当的设计，可以令人满意地最大限度地减少环境影响。基于设计和定位的电流和流动建模。迄今为止，SWRO 海水淡化的经验表明，在设施选址和设计之前，基于合理完整的环境影响分析，通过适当的设计，可以令人满意地最大限度地减少环境影响。基于设计和定位的电流和流动建模。迄今为止，SWRO 海水淡化的经验表明，在设施选址和设计之前，基于合理完整的环境影响分析，通过适当的设计，可以令人满意地最大限度地减少环境影响。