HIV-positive populations in sub-Saharan Africa are both growing and ageing.¹ These population changes are due in large part to the massive scale-up of antiretroviral therapy and its success in averting HIV-related mortality. One result of this scale-up has been a surge in the number of people living with HIV in the region.² Mass HIV treatment has therefore contributed to a striking change in population structure; for example, average adult life expectancy in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, increased by 11·3 years between antiretroviral therapy roll-out in 2003 and 2011.

中文翻译：

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在撒哈拉以南非洲，需要开展哪些研究来应对艾滋病毒和心脏代谢疾病的共同流行？

撒哈拉以南非洲的艾滋病毒阳性人口正在增长和老龄化。¹这些人群的变化在很大程度上是由于抗逆转录病毒疗法的大规模推广及其在避免艾滋病毒相关死亡率方面的成功。这种扩大的结果是该地区感染艾滋病毒的人数激增。²因此，大规模艾滋病毒的治疗导致人口结构发生了惊人的变化。例如，在2003年至2011年推出抗逆转录病毒疗法之间，南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省农村地区的成人平均预期寿命提高了11·3年。