Abstract Knocking combustion research is crucially important because it determines engine durability, fuel consumption, and power density, as well as noise and emission performance. Current spark ignition (SI) engines suffer from both conventional knock and super-knock. Conventional knock limits raising the compression ratio to improve thermal efficiency due to end-gas auto-ignition, while super-knock limits the desired boost to improve the power density of modern gasoline engines due to detonation. Conventional combustion has been widely studied for many years. Although the basic characteristics are clear, the correlation between the knock index and fuel chemistry, pressure oscillations and heat transfer, and auto-ignition front propagation, are still in early stages of understanding. Super-knock combustion in highly boosted spark ignition engines with random pre-ignition events has been intensively studied in the past decade in both academia and industry. These works have mainly focused on the relationship between pre-ignition and super-knock, source analyses of pre-ignition, and the effects of oil/fuel properties on super-knock. The mechanism of super-knock has been recently revealed in rapid compression machines (RCM) under engine-like conditions. It was found that detonation can occur in modern internal combustion engines under high energy density conditions. Thermodynamic conditions and shock waves influence the combustion wave and detonation initiation modes. Three combustion wave modes in the end gas have been visualized as deflagration, sequential auto-ignition and detonation. The most frequently observed detonation initiation mode is shock wave reflection-induced detonation (SWRID). Compared to the effect of shock compression and negative temperature coefficient (NTC) combustion on ignition delay, shock wave reflection is the main cause of near-wall auto-ignition/detonation. Finally, suppression methods for conventional knock and super-knock in SI engines are reviewed, including use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), the injection strategy, and the integration of a high tumble - high EGR-Atkinson/Miller cycle. This paper provides deep insights into the processes occurring during knocking combustion in spark ignition engines. Furthermore, knock control strategies and combustion wave modes are summarized, and future research directions, such as turbulence-shock-reaction interaction theory, detonation suppression and utilization, and super-knock solutions, are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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火花点火发动机中的爆震燃烧

摘要 爆震燃烧研究至关重要，因为它决定了发动机的耐用性、燃料消耗和功率密度，以及噪声和排放性能。当前的火花点火 (SI) 发动机遭受传统爆震和超级爆震的困扰。由于尾气自动点火，传统的爆震限制提高压缩比以提高热效率，而超级爆震限制了因爆震而提高现代汽油发动机功率密度所需的升压。传统燃烧已被广泛研究多年。尽管基本特征很明确，但爆震指数与燃料化学、压力振荡和传热以及自燃前沿传播之间的相关性仍处于了解的早期阶段。在过去十年中，学术界和工业界都对具有随机提前点火事件的高增压火花点火发动机中的超爆燃进行了深入研究。这些工作主要集中在早燃与超爆震的关系、早燃的来源分析以及油/燃料特性对超爆震的影响。最近在类似发动机的条件下的快速压缩机 (RCM) 中揭示了超级爆震的机制。发现在高能量密度条件下，现代内燃机中可能发生爆震。热力学条件和冲击波影响燃烧波和爆震引发模式。最终气体中的三种燃烧波模式已被可视化为爆燃、顺序自燃和爆炸。最常观察到的起爆模式是冲击波反射诱导爆炸 (SWRID)。与冲击压缩和负温度系数 (NTC) 燃烧对点火延迟的影响相比，冲击波反射是近壁自燃/爆炸的主要原因。最后，回顾了 SI 发动机中传统爆震和超级爆震的抑制方法，包括废气再循环 (EGR) 的使用、喷射策略以及高滚流-高 EGR-阿特金森/米勒循环的集成。本文提供了对火花点火发动机爆震燃烧过程中发生的过程的深入见解。此外，总结了爆震控制策略和燃烧波模式，以及未来的研究方向，如湍流-冲击-反应相互作用理论，