Abstract While the conventional design of thermal power plants is mainly focused on high process efficiency, market requirements increasingly target operating flexibility due to the continuing shift towards renewables. Dynamic simulation is a cost-efficient tool for improving the flexibility of dispatchable power generation in transient operation such as load changes and start-up procedures. Specific applications include the optimisation of control structures, stress assessment for critical components and plant safety analysis in malfunction cases. This work is a comprehensive review of dynamic simulation, its development and application to various thermal power plants. The required mathematical models and various components for description the basic process, automation and electrical systems of thermal power plants are explained with the support of practical example models. The underlying flow models and their fundamental assumptions are discussed, complemented by an overview of commonly used simulation codes. Relevant studies are summarised and placed in context for different thermal power plant technologies: combined-cycle power, coal-fired power, nuclear power, concentrated solar power, geothermal power, municipal waste incineration and thermal desalination. Particular attention is given to those studies that include measurement validation in order to analyse the influence of model simplifications on simulation results. In conclusion, the study highlights current research efforts and future development potential of dynamic simulation in the field of thermal power generation.

中文翻译：

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火力发电厂动态模拟研究进展

摘要 虽然火力发电厂的传统设计主要集中在高过程效率上，但由于不断转向可再生能源，市场要求越来越多地针对操作灵活性。动态仿真是一种经济高效的工具，可提高可调度发电在负载变化和启动程序等瞬态运行中的灵活性。具体应用包括优化控制结构、关键部件的应力评估和故障情况下的工厂安全分析。这项工作是对动态模拟及其在各种热电厂中的发展和应用的全面回顾。描述基本过程所需的数学模型和各种组件，在实际示例模型的支持下解释了热电厂的自动化和电气系统。讨论了基础流模型及其基本假设，并辅以常用仿真代码的概述。相关研究被总结并放在不同热电厂技术的背景下：联合循环发电、燃煤发电、核电、聚光太阳能、地热发电、城市垃圾焚烧和热海水淡化。特别关注那些包括测量验证的研究，以分析模型简化对模拟结果的影响。总之，该研究突出了火力发电领域动态模拟的当前研究工作和未来发展潜力。