Recent years have seen tremendous advances in the field of hydrogel-based biomaterials. One of the most prominent revolutions in this field has been the integration of elements or techniques that enable spatial and temporal control over hydrogels’ properties and functions. Here, we critically review the emerging progress of spatiotemporal control over biomaterial properties towards the development of functional engineered tissue constructs. Specifically, we will highlight the main advances in the spatial control of biomaterials, such as surface modification, microfabrication, photo-patterning, and bioprinting, as well as advances in the temporal control of biomaterials, such as controlled release of molecules, photocleaving of proteins, and controlled hydrogel degradation. We believe that the development and integration of these techniques will drive the evolution of next-generation engineered tissues.

近年来，基于水凝胶的生物材料领域取得了巨大进展。该领域最突出的革命之一是元素或技术的集成，从而能够对水凝胶的性质和功能进行空间和时间控制。在这里，我们批判性地回顾了生物材料特性时空控制在功能工程组织结构开发方面的新进展。具体来说，我们将重点介绍生物材料空间控制方面的主要进展，例如表面改性、微加工、光图案化和生物打印，以及生物材料时间控制方面的进展，例如分子的受控释放、蛋白质的光裂解，并控制水凝胶的降解。我们相信这些技术的发展和整合将推动下一代工程组织的发展。