Superwettability is a centuries-old concept that has been rediscovered in past decades, largely owing to new understanding of the mechanisms of special wetting phenomena in nature. Combining multiscale structures and surface chemical compositions is crucial to fabricate interfacial materials with superwettability. In this Review, we detail the historical development and summarize the various combined superwetting states in superwettability systems. Nature-inspired design principles of superwettable materials are also briefly introduced. Superwettability systems can be extended from 2D surfaces to 0D nanoparticles, 1D fibres and channels, and 3D integrated materials. We discuss new phenomena and the advantages that superwettability-based systems have for chemical reactions and materials fabrication, including emerging applications that utilize single extreme wetting states or that combine two extreme wetting states. Finally, we provide our perspective for future research directions.

超级润湿性是一个具有数百年历史的概念，在过去的几十年中已被重新发现，这在很大程度上是由于人们对自然界中特殊润湿现象的机理有了新的认识。结合多尺度结构和表面化学成分对于制造具有超润湿性的界面材料至关重要。在本综述中，我们详细介绍了历史发展并总结了超润湿性系统中各种组合的超润湿状态。还简要介绍了自然可湿性材料的设计原理。超级润湿性系统可以从2D表面扩展到0D纳米粒子，1D纤维和通道以及3D集成材料。我们讨论了新现象以及基于超润湿性的系统在化学反应和材料制造方面的优势，包括利用单个极端润湿状态或结合两个极端润湿状态的新兴应用程序。最后，我们提供了未来研究方向的观点。