Metal additive manufacturing (AM) works on the principle of incremental layer-by-layer material consolidation, facilitating the fabrication of objects of arbitrary complexity through the controlled melting and resolidification of feedstock materials by using high-power energy sources. The focus of metal AM is to produce complex-shaped components made of metals and alloys to meet demands from various industrial sectors such as defense, aerospace, automotive, and biomedicine. Metal AM involves a complex interplay between multiple modes of energy and mass transfer, fluid flow, phase change, and microstructural evolution. Understanding the fundamental physics of these phenomena is a key requirement for metal AM process development and optimization. The effects of material characteristics and processing conditions on the resulting epitaxy and microstructure are of critical interest in metal AM. This article reviews various metal AM processes in the context of fabricating metal and alloy parts through epitaxial...

中文翻译：

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金属增材制造中的外延和微观结构演变

金属增材制造 (AM) 的工作原理是渐进式逐层材料固结，通过使用高功率能源控制原料材料的熔化和再凝固，促进任意复杂物体的制造。金属增材制造的重点是生产由金属和合金制成的形状复杂的部件，以满足国防、航空航天、汽车和生物医学等各个工业部门的需求。金属增材制造涉及多种能量和质量传递模式、流体流动、相变和微观结构演化之间的复杂相互作用。了解这些现象的基本物理学是金属增材制造工艺开发和优化的关键要求。材料特性和加工条件对所得外延和微观结构的影响是金属 AM 的关键。本文在通过外延制造金属和合金零件的背景下回顾了各种金属增材制造工艺...