Tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest diseases is shattering the health and socioeconomic status of the society. The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extremely drug resistant (XDR) strains has provided unprecedented lethal character to TB. The development of MDR and XDR strains of TB results in more deaths, longer duration of therapy, and appearance of the disease in the immunocompromised patients. Because of the development of rapid resistance by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, researchers are confronted with serious challenges in combating TB. For instance, the need for potency and specificity in therapeutic agents approaching clinics, and the increasing demand of low toxicity due to long duration of treatment. Recently, it is proposed that such challenges could be addressed by a shift from contemporary or known classes of drugs to new scaffold‐containing or entirely new structural classes of drugs that possibly act on the previously unknown targets, resulting in possibly less instances of resistance development. The exploitation of advances made in the biology of TB in the last and present decades have created opportunities to discover a large number of new structural classes that specifically targets TB by molecular mechanism of action(s) unknown earlier. We have earlier reviewed new structural classes of anti‐TB agents up to year 2005. This review covers literature reports of the subsequent 10 years on the discovery of new structural classes of synthetic anti‐TB agents. Due to the availability of large number of research reports, we have divided new compounds in 38 structural classes, 368 structures, and 307 references.

中文翻译：

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抗结核药的新结构类别

结核病（TB）是最致命的疾病之一，正在破坏社会的健康和社会经济地位。耐多药（MDR）和极耐药（XDR）菌株的出现为结核病提供了空前的致命特征。结核病的MDR和XDR菌株的发展导致更多的死亡，更长的治疗时间以及免疫功能低下患者的疾病出现。由于结核分枝杆菌的快速耐药性的发展，研究人员在抗击结核病方面面临严峻挑战。例如，临近诊所对治疗剂的效力和特异性的需求，以及由于长期治疗而对低毒性的需求不断增加。最近，有人提出可以通过从当代或已知类别的药物转向可能作用于先前未知靶标的新的含支架或全新结构的药物类别来应对此类挑战，从而减少耐药性发生的情况。在过去和现在的几十年中，对结核生物学的研究成果的开发为发现大量新的结构类提供了机会，这些新的结构类通过更早的未知的分子作用机制专门针对结核。我们之前已经审查了直到2005年抗结核病药物的新结构类别。该综述涵盖了随后十年关于合成抗结核病药物新结构类别发现的文献报道。由于可获得大量研究报告，因此我们将新化合物划分为38个结构类别，368个结构和307个参考文献。