The finite element method (FEM) was used in our nonlinear state-variable method (NSVM) presented recently (J. Electrochem. Soc., 164, E3001 (2017)). The details of the application of the FEM to solve the lithium ion pseudo-2D (P2D) model equations using the NSVM are presented here for several control modes (constant current, voltage, power, or load). Validation of the method was performed by comparison to rigorous full-order models and experimental data. The FEM based NSVM shows excellent performance, and the estimated cell parameters are determined with a high confidence level.

中文翻译：

---

锂离子电池的非线性状态变量方法（NSVM）：有限元方法和控制模式

最近提出的我们的非线性状态变量方法（NSVM）中使用了有限元方法（FEM）（J.Electrochem.Soc。，164，E3001（2017））。此处介绍了针对几种控制模式（恒定电流，电压，功率或负载）的FEM应用NSVM求解伪2D（P2D）锂离子模型方程的详细信息。通过与严格的全序模型和实验数据进行比较，对方法进行了验证。基于FEM的NSVM具有出色的性能，并且估计的单元参数具有很高的置信度。