Sirtuins are NAD⁺‐dependent protein deacylases that cleave off acetyl, as well as other acyl groups, from the ε‐amino group of lysines in histones and other substrate proteins. Seven sirtuin isotypes (Sirt1–7) have been identified in mammalian cells. As sirtuins are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes such as cell survival, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell metabolism, and caloric restriction, a dysregulation of their enzymatic activity has been associated with the pathogenesis of neoplastic, metabolic, infectious, and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, sirtuins are promising targets for pharmaceutical intervention. Growing interest in a modulation of sirtuin activity has prompted the discovery of several small molecules, able to inhibit or activate certain sirtuin isotypes. Herein, we give an update to our previous review on the topic in this journal (Schemies, 2010), focusing on recent developments in sirtuin biology, sirtuin modulators, and their potential as novel therapeutic agents.

中文翻译：

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NAD +依赖的组蛋白去乙酰化酶（Sirtuins）的当前状态作为新型治疗靶点。

Sirtuins是NAD ⁺依赖蛋白的脱酰基酶，可从组蛋白和其他底物蛋白中的赖氨酸的ε-氨基上裂解掉乙酰基以及其他酰基。在哺乳动物细胞中已鉴定出七个瑟土因同种型（Sirt1–7）。由于sirtuins参与各种生理过程的调控，例如细胞存活，细胞周期进程，细胞凋亡，DNA修复，细胞代谢和热量限制，因此其酶活性的失调与肿瘤，代谢，传染性疾病的发病机理有关。和神经退行性疾病。因此，sirtuins是药物干预的有希望的目标。对沉默调节蛋白活性的调节的日益增长的兴趣促使发现了一些能够抑制或激活某些沉默调节蛋白同种型的小分子。在此处，