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High-capacity dilithium hydroquinone cathode material for lithium-ion batteries Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Yong Lu, Haoqin Han, Zhuo Yang, Youxuan Ni, Zhicheng Meng, Qiu Zhang, Hao Wu, Weiwei Xie, Zhenhua Yan, Jun Chen
Lithiated organic cathode materials show a great promise for practical applications in lithium-ion batteries owing to their Li-reservoir characteristics. However, the reported lithiated organic cathode materials still suffer from strict synthesis conditions and low capacity. Here we report a thermal intermolecular rearrangement method without organic solvents to prepare dilithium hydroquinone (Li2Q)
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Towards rational design in electrochemical denitrification by analyzing pH-dependence Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Huan Li, Dong Luan, Jun Long, Xiaoyan Fu, Jianping Xiao
A small fraction of NOx (<1%) always exists in CO2 feedstock (e.g. exhausted gas), which can significantly reduce the efficiency of CO2 electroreduction by ∼30%. Hence, electrochemical denitrification is the precondition of CO2 electroreduction. The pH effect is a key factor, which can be used to tune the selectivity between N2 and N2O production in electrochemical denitrification. However, there are
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Semiconductor fibres for textile integrated electronic system Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Yuanyuan Zheng, Zhen Wang, Peining Chen, Huisheng Peng
This article gives an overview of current preparation technologies and future research directions for the emerging smart semiconductor fibres.
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Deep carbon recycling viewed from global plate tectonics Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Maoliang Zhang, Sheng Xu, Yuji Sano
Plate tectonics plays an essential role in the redistribution of life-essential volatile elements between Earth's interior and surface, whereby our planet has been well tuned to maintain enduring habitability over much of its history. Here we present an overview of deep carbon recycling in the regime of modern plate tectonics, with a special focus on convergent plate margins for assessing global carbon
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Human CD56+CD39+ dNK cells support fetal survival through controlling trophoblastic cell fate: immune mechanisms of recurrent early pregnancy loss Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Wentong Jia, Liyang Ma, Xin Yu, Feiyang Wang, Qian Yang, Xiaoye Wang, Mengjie Fan, Yan Gu, Ran Meng, Jian Wang, Yuxia Li, Rong Li, Xuan Shao, Yan-Ling Wang
Decidual natural killer (dNK) cells are the most abundant immune cells at early stage of pregnancy in rodents and humans, and emerging single-cell transcriptomic studies have uncovered various human dNK subsets that are disrupted in patients experiencing recurrent early pregnancy loss (RPL) at early gestational stage, suggesting a connection between abnormal proportions or characteristics of dNK subsets
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Quantum-inspired analysis of neural network vulnerabilities: The role of conjugate variables in system attacks Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jun-Jie Zhang, Deyu Meng
Neural networks demonstrate vulnerability to small, non-random perturbations, emerging as adversarial attacks. Such attacks, born from the gradient of the loss function relative to the input, are discerned as input conjugates, revealing a systemic fragility within the network structure. Intriguingly, a mathematical congruence manifests between this mechanism and the quantum physics’ uncertainty principle
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Intrinsically topological second Chern Insulator via synthetic dimensions Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-07 Seokwoo Kim, Junsuk Rho
Exploring Hidden Dimensions: Unveiling Topological Crystals in a 4D Space.
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Combining anodic alcohol oxidative coupling for C–C bond formation with cathodic ammonia production Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Leitao Xu, Wei Chen, Cairong Wang, Wenjie Wu, Yelin Yao, Zhifeng Huang, Jingcheng Wu, Ming Yang, Yandong Wu, Dianke Xie, Yuqin Zou, Shuangyin Wang
Electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols using heterogeneous catalysts is a promising aqueous, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly approach, especially for coupling different alcohols to prolong the carbon chain via co-oxidation. Precisely regulating critical steps to tailor electrode materials and electrolyte composition is key to selectively coupling alcohols for targeted synthesis. However
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The flattening of spacetime hierarchy of the DMT brain state is characterised by harmonic decomposition of spacetime (HADES) framework Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Jakub Vohryzek, Joana Cabral, Christopher Timmermann, Selen Atasoy, Leor Roseman, David J Nutt, Robin L Carhart-Harris, Gustavo Deco, Morten L Kringelbach
The human brain is a complex system, whose activity exhibits flexible and continuous reorganisation across space and time. The decomposition of whole-brain recordings into harmonic modes has revealed a repertoire of gradient-like activity patterns associated with distinct brain functions. However, the way these activity patterns are expressed over time with their changes in various brain states remains
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Elasticity meets topology Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Guancong Ma
Harnessing the unique vectorial properties of elastic waves, Wu et al. find new degrees of freedom for realizing novel topological phases.
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Learn to Optimize - A Brief Overview Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Ke Tang, Xin Yao
Most optimization problems of practical significance are typically solved by highly configurable parameterized algorithms. To achieve the best performance on a problem instance, a trial-and-error configuration process is required, which is very costly and even prohibitive for problems that are already computationally intensive, e.g., optimization problems associated with machine learning tasks. In
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Towards high-field applications: high-performance, low-cost iron-based superconductors Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-31 Chiheng Dong, Qingjin Xu, Yanwei Ma
High magnetic fields play a crucial role in advancing basic sciences, fusion energy, and magnetic resonance imaging systems. However, the widespread use of high-field magnets requires affordable high-temperature superconducting wires that can carry large supercurrents. Iron-based superconductors offer an economically attractive solution to push forward important yet costly scientific programs, such
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Observation of quantum oscillations near the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit in CaAs3 Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-30 Yuxiang Wang, Minhao Zhao, Jinglei Zhang, Wenbin Wu, Shichao Li, Yong Zhang, Wenxiang Jiang, Nesta Benno Joseph, Liangcai Xu, Yicheng Mou, Yunkun Yang, Pengliang Leng, Yong Zhang, Li Pi, Alexey Suslov, Mykhaylo Ozerov, Jan Wyzula, Milan Orlita, Fengfeng Zhu, Yi Zhang, Xufeng Kou, Zengwei Zhu, Awadhesh Narayan, Dong Qian, Jinsheng Wen, Xiang Yuan, Faxian Xiu, Cheng Zhang
The Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit sets the lower bound of carrier mean free path for coherent quasiparticle transport. Metallicity beyond this limit is of great interest because it is often closely related to quantum criticality and unconventional superconductivity. Progress along this direction mainly focuses on the strange-metal behaviors originating from the evolution of quasiparticle scattering rate such
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Earth-abundant Zn-dipyrrin chromophores for efficient CO2 photoreduction Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-30 Song Guo, Fu-Gui Zeng, Xiao-Di Li, Kai-Kai Chen, Ping Wang, Tong-Bu Lu, Zhi-Ming Zhang
Developing strong sensitizing and earth-abundant antenna molecules are highly desirable for CO2 reduction through artificial photosynthesis. Herein, a library of Zn-dipyrrin complexes (Z-1−Z-6) were rationally designed via precisely controlling their molecular configuration to optimize strong sensitizing earth-abundant photosensitizers. Upon visible light excitation, their special geometry enables
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Spin chemistry in living systems Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Peter J Hore
This perspective summarizes the current advances in spin chemistry in biology with a critical and constructive view of magnetobiology.
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Realization of a quadrupole topological insulator phase in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Peiheng Zhou, Gui-Geng Liu, Zihao Wang, Shuwei Li, Qindong Xie, Yunpeng Zhang, Subhaskar Mandal, Xiang Xi, Zhen Gao, Longjiang Deng, Baile Zhang
The field of topological photonics was initiated with the realization of a Chern insulator phase in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal (PhC) with broken time-reversal symmetry (T), hosting chiral edge states that are topologically protected propagating modes. Along a separate line of research, a quadrupole topological insulator was the first higher-order topological phase supporting localized corner states
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Recent advances in enzyme-free and enzyme-mediated single-nucleotide variation assay in vitro Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Erhu Xiong, Pengfei Liu, Ruijie Deng, Kaixiang Zhang, Ronghua Yang, Jinghong Li
Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) are the most common type variation of sequence alterations at a specific location in the genome, thus involving significant clinical and biological information. The assay of SNVs has engaged great awareness, because many genome-wide association studies demonstrated that SNVs are highly associated with serious human diseases. Moreover, the investigation of SNV expression
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Reconstructing human history from ancient genomes: an interview with Nobel laureate Svante Pääbo Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Weijie Zhao
NSR's interview with 2022 Nobel laureate Svante Pääbo to learn about his interesting works in ancient hominine genomes, his perspectives on paleo genome studies and his advice to young researchers.
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A panel discussion on AI for science: the opportunities, challenges and reflections Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Weijie Zhao
Five experts from China and the US discussed the concept, development, bottlenecks and opportunities of AI for Science (AI4S), as well as their understanding of the relationship between AI and science.
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An octopamine-specific GRAB sensor reveals a monoamine relay circuitry that boosts aversive learning Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Mingyue Lv, Ruyi Cai, Renzimo Zhang, Xiju Xia, Xuelin Li, Yipan Wang, Huan Wang, Jianzhi Zeng, Yifei Xue, Lanqun Mao, Yulong Li
Octopamine (OA), analogous to norepinephrine in vertebrates, is an essential monoamine neurotransmitter in invertebrates that plays a significant role in various biological functions, including olfactory associative learning. However, the spatial and temporal dynamics of OA in vivo remain poorly understood due to limitations associated with the currently available methods used to detect it. To overcome
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NEATmap: a high-efficiency deep learning approach for whole mouse brain neuronal activity trace mapping Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Weijie Zheng, Huawei Mu, Zhiyi Chen, Jiajun Liu, Debin Xia, Yuxiao Cheng, Qi Jing, Pak-Ming Lau, Jin Tang, Guo-Qiang Bi, Feng Wu, Hao Wang
Quantitative analysis of activated neurons in mice brains by a specific stimulation is usually a primary step to locate the responsive neurons throughout the brain. However, it’s challenging to comprehensively and consistently analyze the neuronal activity trace in whole brains of large cohort of mice from many Terabytes of volumetric imaging data. Here, we introduce NEATmap, a deep-learning based
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B−N covalent bond-involved π-extension of multiple resonance emitters enables high-performance narrowband electroluminescence Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-24 Xingyu Huang, Jiahui Liu, Yulin Xu, Guohao Chen, Manli Huang, Mingxin Yu, Xialei Lv, Xiaojun Yin, Yang Zou, Jingsheng Miao, Xiaosong Cao, Chuluo Yang
Multi-boron-embedded multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters show promise for achieving both high color-purity emission and high exciton utilization efficiency. However, their development is often impeded by a limited synthetic scope and excessive molecular weights, which challenge material acquisition and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) fabrication by vacuum
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Stress guides in generic static mechanical metamaterials Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Aoxi Wang, Chang Qing Chen
The confinement of waves within a waveguide can enable directional transmission of signals, which has found wide applications in communication, imaging, and signal isolation. Extending this concept to static systems, where material deformation is piled up along a spatial trajectory, remains elusive due to the sensitivity of localized deformation to structural defects and impurities. Here, we propose
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Terahertz Flexible Multiplexing Chip Enabled by Synthetic Topological Phase Transitions Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Hang Ren, Su Xu, Zhidong Lyu, Yuanzhen Li, Zuomin Yang, Quan Xu, Yong-Sen Yu, Yanfeng Li, Fei Gao, Xianbin Yu, Jiaguang Han, Qi-Dai Chen, Hong-Bo Sun
Flexible multiplexing chips that permit reconfigurable multidimensional channel utilization are indispensable for revolutionary 6G terahertz communications, but the insufficient manipulation capability of terahertz waves prevents their practical implementation. Herein, we propose the first experimental demonstration of a flexible multiplexing chip for terahertz communication by revealing the unique
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An inorganic liquid crystalline dispersion with 2D ferroelectric moieties Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Ziyang Huang, Zehao Zhang, Rongjie Zhang, Baofu Ding, Liu Yang, Keyou Wu, Youan Xu, Gaokuo Zhong, Chuanlai Ren, Jiarong Liu, Yugan Hao, Menghao Wu, Teng Ma, Bilu Liu
Electro-optical effect based liquid crystal devices have been extensively used in optical modulation techniques, in which the Kerr coefficient reflects the sensitivity of the liquid crystals and determines the strength of the device operational electric field. The Peterlin-Stuart theory and the O’Konski model jointly indicate that a giant Kerr coefficient could be obtained in a material with both a
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Intelligent gold nanocluster for effective treatment of malignant tumor via tumor-specific photothermal-chemodynamic therapy with AIE guidance Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Feng Liu, Tianfeng Yang, Xiaowei Chang, Li Chen, Cheng Cheng, Xiuhong Peng, Haihu Liu, Yanmin Zhang, Xin Chen
Precise and efficient therapy of malignant tumor is always a challenge. Herein, gold nanoclusters co-modified by aggregation-induced-emission (AIE) molecules, copper ions chelator (acylthiourea) and tumor targeting agent (folic acid) were fabricated to perform the AIE-guided and tumor-specific synergistic therapy with great spatiotemporal controllability for the targeted elimination and metastasis
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Promoted hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol over single-atom Cu sites with Na+ decorated microenvironment Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Li-Li Ling, Xinyu Guan, Xiaoshuo Liu, Xiao-Mei Lei, Zhongyuan Lin, Hai-Long Jiang
Although single-atom Cu sites exhibit high efficiency in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, they are prone to form Cu nanoparticles due to reduction and aggregation under reaction conditions, especially at high temperatures. Herein, single-atom Cu sites stabilized by adjacent Na+ ions have been successfully constructed within a metal-organic framework (MOF)-based catalyst, namely MOF-808-NaCu. It is found
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Darwin3: A large-scale neuromorphic chip with a Novel ISA and On-Chip Learning Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Ma De, Xiaofei Jin Shichun Sun, Yitao Li, Xundong Wu, Youneng Hu, Fangchao Yang, Huajin Tang, Xiaolei Zhu, Peng Lin, Gang Pan
Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are gaining increasing attention for their biological plausibility and potential for improved computational efficiency. To match the high spatial-temporal dynamics in SNNs, neuromorphic chips are highly desired to execute SNNs in hardware-based neuron and synapse circuits directly. This paper presents a large-scale neuromorphic chip named Darwin3 with a novel instruction
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Surface phonon polariton enhanced photoinduced dipole force for nanoscale infrared imaging Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Jian Li, Junghoon Jahng, Xuezhi Ma, Jing Liang, Xue Zhang, Qianhao Min, Xiao-Liang Wang, Shuangjun Chen, Eun Seong Lee, Xing-Hua Xia
The photoinduced dipole force (PiDF) is an attractive force arising from the Coulombic interaction between the light-induced dipoles on the illuminated tip and the sample. It shows extreme sample-tip distance and refractive index dependence, which is promsing for nanoscale infrared (IR) imaging of ultrathin samples. However, the existence of PiDF in the mid-IR region has not been experimentally demonstrated
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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle regulates microbiota-gut-inner ear axis for hearing protection Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Zhanhang Guo, Yunhao Wu, Bo Chen, Mengdie Kong, Peng Xie, Yan Li, Liu Dongfang, Renjie Chai, Ning Gu
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a highly prevalent form of sensorineural hearing damage that has significant negative effects on individuals of all ages, and there are no effective drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration. In this study, we unveil the potential of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle assembly (SPIOCA) to reshape the dysbiosis of gut microbiota for treating NIHL
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Networked dynamic systems with higher-order interactions: stability versus complexity Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Ye Wang, Aming Li, Long Wang
The stability of complex systems is profoundly affected by underlying structures, which are often modeled as networks where nodes indicate system components and edges indicate pairwise interactions between nodes. However, such networks cannot encode the overall complexity of networked systems with higher-order interactions among more than two nodes. Set structures provide a natural description of pairwise
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The effects of local variations in conditions on carbon storage and release in the continental mantle Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-17 Stephen F Foley, Chunfei Chen, Dorrit E Jacob
Recent advances indicate that the amount of carbon released by gradual degassing from the mantle needs to be revised upwards, whereas the carbon supplied by plumes may have been overestimated in the past. Variations in rock types and oxidation state may be very local and exert strong influences on carbon storage and release mechanisms. Deep subduction may be prevented by diapirism in thick sedimentary
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CO2 facilitated upcycling of polyolefin plastics to aromatics at low temperature Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Yi Ding, Shuchi Zhang, Cheng Liu, Yu Shao, Xiulian Pan, Xinhe Bao
Plastics are one of the most produced synthetic materials and the largest commodities, used in numerous sectors of human life. To upcycle waste plastics into value-added chemicals is a global challenge. Despite significant progress in pyrolysis and hydrocracking which mainly leads to formation of pyrolysis oil, catalytic upcycling to value-added aromatics including benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX)
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Electron spin resonance analysis of photoenzymatic catalysis Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Lu Yu, Changlin Tian
This Perspective highlights recent research progress and prospects in elucidating the catalytic mechanism of photoenzymes using ESR (electron spin resonance) spectroscopy, which is emerging as a unique and crucial method for identifying radical intermediates, illustrating electron transfer events and the underlying mechanisms of photoenzymatic catalysis.
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Phanerozoic Coevolution of O2-CO2 and Ocean Habitability Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Zunli Lu, Rosalind E M Rickaby, Jonathan L Payne, Ashley N Prow
This perspective reviews how atmospheric compositions, animals and marine algae evolved together to determine global ocean habitability during the past 500 million years.
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Ordered mesoporous nanofibers mimicking vascular bundles for lithium metal batteries Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Xiaohang Zhu, Mengmeng Liu, Fanxing Bu, Xin-Yang Yue, Xiang Fei, Yong-Ning Zhou, Anqi Ju, Jianping Yang, Pengpeng Qiu, Qi Xiao, Chao Lin, Wan Jiang, Lianjun Wang, Xiaopeng Li, Wei Luo
Hierarchical self-assembly with long-range order above centimeters widely exists in nature. Mimicking similar structures to promote reaction kinetics of electrochemical energy devices is of immense interest, yet remains challenging. Here, we report a bottom-up self-assembly approach to constructing ordered mesoporous nanofibers with a structure resembling vascular bundles via electrospinning. The synthesis
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Water and other volatiles on Mars Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Sen Hu, Yubing Gao, Zhan Zhou, Liang Gao, Yangting Lin
This perspective reviews the recent advances in martian water and other volatiles and addresses the associated scientific questions for future martian exploration missions.
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The super-cycle of the global land-monsoon system Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Yongyun Hu
The global land-monsoon system demonstrates super-cycles in both area and precipitation intensity in the Phanerozoic. The cyclicity of the global land-monsoon closely follows the supercontinent cycle, indicating the governance of continental configurations on the global land-monsoon over tectonic timescales.
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Universal origin of glassy relaxation as recognized by configuration pattern-matching Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Hai-Bin Yu, Liang Gao, Jia-Qi Gao, Konrad Samwer
Relaxation processes are crucial in understanding the structural rearrangements of liquids and amorphous materials. However, the overarching principle that governs these processes across vastly different materials remains an open question. Substantial analysis has been carried out based on the motions of individual particles. Here, alternatively, we propose viewing the global configuration as a single
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Highly efficient nitrogen fixation over S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced active hydrogen supply Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Tong Bao, Yamin Xi, Chaoqi Zhang, Peiyang Du, Yitong Xiang, Jiaxin Li, Ling Yuan, Chengzhong Yu, Chao Liu
Photocatalytic N2 fixation is a promising strategy for ammonia (NH3) synthesis, however suffering from relatively low ammonia yield due to the difficulty in the design of photocatalysts with both high charge transfer efficiency and desirable N2 adsorption/activation capability. Herein, a S-scheme CoSx/ZnS heterojunction with dual active sites is designed as an efficient N2 fixation photocatalyst. The
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Band-like transport in solution-processed perylene diimide dianion films with high hall mobility Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Yanhua Jia, Qinglin Jiang, Hanlin Gan, Bohan Wang, Xiandong He, Jiadong Zhou, Zetong Ma, Jiang Zhang, Yuguang Ma
It is crucial to prepare high-mobility organic polycrystalline film through solution processing. However, the delocalized carrier transport of polycrystalline films in organic semiconductors has rarely been investigated through Hall effect measurement. This study presents a strategy for building strong intermolecular interactions to fabricate solution-crystallized p-type perylene diimide (PDI) dianion
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A heat transfer model for liquid film boiling on micro-structured surfaces Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Pengkun Li, Qifan Zou, Xiuliang Liu, Ronggui Yang
High heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and critical heat flux (CHF) are achieved in liquid film boiling by coupling vibrant vapor bubbles with a capillary liquid film, which has thus received increased interest for thermal management of high-power electronics. Although quite some experimental progresses have been made, there lacks a high-fidelity heat transfer model for liquid film boiling. This work
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Dynamic neural networks: advantages and challenges Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Gao Huang
This perspective article delves into the transformative realm of dynamic neural networks, which is reshaping AI with adaptable structures and improved efficiency, bridging the gap between artificial and human intelligence.
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Engineering surface framework TiO6 single sites for unprecedented deep oxidative desulfurization Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Shen Yu, Zhan Liu, Jia-Min Lyu, Chun-Mu Guo, Xiao- Yu Yang, Peng Jiang, Yi-Long Wang, Zhi-Yi Hu, Ming-Hui Sun, Yu Li, Li-Hua Chen, Bao-Lian Su
Catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) using titanium silicate catalysts emerges as an efficient technique for the complete removal of organosulfur compounds from automotive fuels. However, the precise control of highly accessible and stable framework Ti active sites remains highly challenging. Here we reveal for the first time by the density functional theory calculations that framework hexa-coordinated
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Energy Spectrum Theory of Incommensurate Systems Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Zhe He, Xin-Yu Guo, Zhen Ma, Jin-Hua Gao
Due to the lack of the translational symmetry, calculating the energy spectrum of an incommensurate system has always been a theoretical challenge. Here, we propose a natural approach to generalize the energy band theory to the incommensurate systems without reliance on the commensurate approximation, thus providing a comprehensive energy spectrum theory of the incommensurate systems. Except for a
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A chaotic spiking backpropagation approach to brain learning Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Guanrong Chen
A highlight of the chaotic spiking backpropagation (CSBP) method, which is a powerful tool for directly training spiking neural networks and helps to understand the learning mechanisms of human brain.
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Imitating and exploring human brain's resting and task-performing states via resembling brain computing: scaling and architecture Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Wenlian Lu, Longbin Zeng, Jiexiang Wang, Shitong Xiang, Yang Qi, Qibao Zheng, Ningsheng Xu, Jianfeng Feng
The computational human brain model with voxel-wise assimilation method is established based on individual structural and functional imaging data. We found that the more resembling the brain was in both scale and architecture, the more similarity was found between the assimilated model and the biological brain both in resting states and during tasks by quantitative metrics. The hypothesis that resting
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Beyond network centrality: Individual-level behavioral traits for predicting information superspreaders in social media Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Fang Zhou, Linyuan Lü, Jianguo Liu, Manuel Sebastian Mariani
Understanding the heterogeneous role of individuals in large-scale information spreading is essential to manage online behavior as well as its potential offline consequences. To this end, most existing studies from diverse research domains focus on the disproportionate role played by highly-connected “hub” individuals. However, we demonstrate here that information superspreaders in online social media
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Control of defensive behavior by the nucleus of Darkschewitsch GABAergic neurons Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Huiying Zhao, Jinrong Liu, Yujin Shao, Xiang Feng, Binhan Zhao, Li Sun, Yijun Liu, Linghui Zeng, Xiao-ming Li, Hongbin Yang, Shumin Duan, Yan-qin Yu
The nucleus of Darkschewitsch (ND), mainly composed of GABAergic neurons, is widely recognized as a component of the eye-movement controlling system. However, the functional contribution of ND GABAergic neurons (NDGABA) in animal behavior is largely unknown. Here, we show that NDGABA neurons were selectively activated by different types of fear stimuli, such as predator odor and foot-shock. Optogenetic
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Typhoon- and pollution-driven enhancement of reactive bromine in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Shanshan Wang, Qinyi Li, Ruifeng Zhang, Anoop Sharad Mahajan, Swaleha Inamdar, Nuria Benavent, Sanbao Zhang, Ruibin Xue, Jian Zhu, Chenji Jin, Yan Zhang, Xiao Fu, Alba Badia, Rafael P Fernandez, Carlos A Cuevas, Tao Wang, Bin Zhou, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Tropospheric reactive bromine is important for atmospheric chemistry, regional air pollution, and global climate. Previous studies have reported measurements of atmospheric reactive bromine species in different environments, and proposed their main sources, e.g. sea-salt aerosol (SSA), oceanic biogenic activity, polar snow/ice, and volcanoes. Typhoons and other strong cyclonic activities (e.g. hurricanes)
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Magnetic manipulation of the reactivity of singlet oxygen: from test tubes to living cells Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Zi-Shu Yang, Song Gao, Jun-Long Zhang
Although magnetism undoubtedly influences life on Earth, the science behind biological magnetic sensing is largely a mystery, and it has proved challenging, especially in the life sciences, to harness the interactions of magnetic fields (MFs) with matter to achieve specific ends. Using the well-established radical pair (RP) mechanism, we here demonstrate a bottom-up strategy for the exploitation of
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Virtual brain twins: from basic neuroscience to clinical use Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Huifang E Wang, Paul Triebkorn, Martin Breyton, Borana Dollomaja, Jean-Didier Lemarechal, Spase Petkoski, Pierpaolo Sorrentino, Damien Depannemaecker, Meysam Hashemi, Viktor K Jirsa
Virtual brain twins are personalized, generative and adaptive brain models based on data from an individual’s brain for scientific and clinical use. After description of key elements of virtual brain twins, we present the standard model for personalized whole-brain network models. The personalization is accomplished using a subject’s brain imaging data by three means: 1) assemble cortical and subcortical
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Biomaterial design for regenerating aged bone: materiobiological advances and paradigmatic shifts Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Kai Dai, Zhen Geng, Wenchao Zhang, Xue Wei, Jing Wang, Guangjun Nie, Changsheng Liu
China's aging demographic poses a challenge for treating prevalent bone diseases impacting life quality. As bone regeneration capacity diminishes with age due to cellular dysfunction and inflammation, advanced biomaterials-based approaches offer hope for aged bone regeneration. This review synthesizes materiobiology principles, focusing on biomaterials that target specific biological functions to restore
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Wafer-level heterogeneous integration of electrochemical devices and semiconductors for a monolithic chip Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Sixing Xu, Fan Xia, Zhangshanhao Li, Minghao Xu, Bingmeng Hu, Haizhao Feng, Xiaohong Wang
Micro-scale electrochemical devices, despite their wide applications and unique potential to achieve ‘More than Moore's law’, face significant limitations in constructing functional chips due to their inability to integrate with semiconductors. In this study, we propose an electrochemical gating effect and material work function matching criteria, and thus establish the first heterogeneous integration
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Advancing brain-inspired computing with Hybrid Neural networks Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Faqiang Liu, Hao Zheng, Songchen Ma, Weihao Zhang, Xue Liu, Yansong Chua, Luping Shi, Rong Zhao
Brain-inspired computing, drawing inspiration from the fundamental structure and information-processing mechanisms of the human brain, has gained significant momentum in recent years. It has emerged as a research paradigm centered around brain-computer dual-driven and multi-network integration. One noteworthy instance of this paradigm is the Hybrid Neural Network (HNN), which integrates computer-science-oriented
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Ultra-low frequency magnetic energy focusing for highly effective wireless powering of deep-tissue implantable electronic devices Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Yuanyuan Li, Zhipeng Chen, Yuxin Liu, Zijian Liu, Tong Wu, Yuanxi Zhang, Lelun Peng, Xinshuo Huang, Shuang Huang, Xudong Lin, Xi Xie, Lelun Jiang
The limited lifespan of batteries is a challenge in the application of implantable electronic devices. Existing wireless power technologies such as ultrasound, near-infrared light, and magnetic field cannot charge devices implanted in deep tissues, resulting in energy attenuation through tissues and thermal generation. Herein, an ultra-low frequency magnetic energy focusing (ULFMEF) methodology was
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Experimental demonstration of topological bounds in quantum metrology Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Min Yu, Xiangbei Li, Yaoming Chu, Bruno Mera, F Nur Ünal, Pengcheng Yang, Yu Liu, Nathan Goldman, Jianming Cai
Quantum metrology is deeply connected to quantum geometry, through the fundamental notion of quantum Fisher information. Inspired by advances in topological matter, it was recently suggested that the Berry curvature and Chern numbers of band structures can dictate strict lower bounds on metrological properties, hence establishing a strong connection between topology and quantum metrology. In this work
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The current status and future development of high-temperature conventional superconductivity Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-25 M I Eremets
This survey highlights key advancements in high-temperature superconductivity in hydrogen-rich materials, emphasising the robust evidence and reproducibility of superconductivity under challenging experimental conditions of megabar pressures. In the near future, achieving room-temperature superconductivity is highly probable, and the field is expected to transition towards near-ambient-pressure superconductivity
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Three-stage niobium mineralization at Bayan Obo, China Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Yan Yu, Yang Li, Yu Liu, Xiao-Xiao Ling, Li-Guang Wu, Li Yang, Lan Yang, Bo Yang, Yong-Gang Zhao, Xian-Hua Li
The Chinese Bayan Obo deposit is a world-class rare earth element (REE) deposit with considerable niobium (Nb) and iron (Fe) resources. A complete genetic understanding on all metals is fundamental for establishing genetic models at Bayan Obo. With extensive research being focused on REE enrichment, the timing and controls of Nb enrichment remain unresolved at Bayan Obo, which mainly due to the challenges
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Surface heterojunction based on n-type low dimensional perovskite film for highly efficient perovskite tandem solar cells Natl. Sci. Rev. (IF 20.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Xianyuan Jiang, Qilin Zhou, Yue Lu, Hao Liang, Wenzhuo Li, Qi Wei, Mengling Pan, Xin Wen, Xingzhi Wang, Wei Zhou, Danni Yu, Hao Wang, Ni Yin, Hao Chen, Hansheng Li, Ting Pan, Mingyu Ma, Gaoqi Liu, Wenjia Zhou, Zhenhuang Su, Qi Chen, Fengjia Fan, Fan Zheng, Xingyu Gao, Qingqing Ji, Zhijun Ning
Enhancing the quality of junctions is crucial for optimizing carrier extraction and suppressing recombination in semiconductor devices. In recent years, metal halide perovskite is emerging as the most promising next-generation materials for optoelectronic devices. However, the construction of high-quality perovskite junctions, as well as characterization and understanding of their carrier polarity