Electro-mechanical response exists in growing materials such as biological tissues and hydrogels, influencing the growth process, pattern formation and geometry remodelling. To gain a better understanding of the mechanism of the coupled effects of growth and electric fields on the deformation behaviour, a finite element framework for coupled electro-elastic growth is established. Based on the extended volume growth theory, the governing equations of the growing electro-elastic solid are obtained. A coupled three-field mixed displacement-pressure-potential finite element formulation using inf–sup stable combinations is adapted. The finite element formulation is implemented in ABAQUS via a user element subroutine. The implementation is validated first by comparing the deformation and stress components of a growing tubular structure under axial strain and radial voltage. Using the example of a bi-layer beam actuator, it is illustrated that growth parameters and the external voltage can precisely control the bending angle. The framework is then applied to simulate pattern formation and transition behaviour, such as doubling and tripling of wrinkles, by specifying growth parameters and external voltage in a 3D stiff film/soft substrate structure. Furthermore, the suppression of wrinkles by applying external voltage is demonstrated. It is observed that the electric field plays a significant role in stress redistribution and guiding growth, resulting in the promotion or suppression of wrinkles, which is demonstrated by the numerical simulation of a long tubular structure. The proposed finite element scheme provides an accurate, efficient and stable tool for numerical simulation of electro-elastic solids incorporating growth effect, which can be used for understanding coupled growth phenomenon in biological soft matter and developing smart devices for medical treatment.

机电响应存在于生物组织和水凝胶等生长材料中，影响生长过程、图案形成和几何重塑。为了更好地理解生长和电场对变形行为的耦合效应的机制，建立了耦合电弹性生长的有限元框架。基于扩展体积生长理论，得到了电弹性固体生长的控制方程。对使用 inf-sup 稳定组合的耦合三场混合位移-压力-势能有限元公式进行了调整。有限元公式通过用户单元子程序在 ABAQUS 中实现。首先通过比较在轴向应变和径向电压下生长的管状结构的变形和应力分量来验证该实现。以双层梁致动器为例，说明生长参数和外部电压可以精确控制弯曲角度。然后，通过在 3D 硬膜/软基板结构中指定生长参数和外部电压，应用该框架来模拟图案形成和过渡行为，例如皱纹的加倍和加倍。此外，还证明了通过施加外部电压来抑制皱纹。据观察，电场在应力重新分布和引导生长方面起着重要作用，从而促进或抑制皱纹，通过长管状结构的数值模拟证明了这一点。所提出的有限元方案为包含生长效应的电弹性固体的数值模拟提供了准确、高效和稳定的工具，可用于理解生物软物质中的耦合生长现象和开发医疗智能设备。